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As in all main terrestrial DTV Systems, the Brazilian middleware, named Ginga, supports both declarative applications (through its presentation, or declarative, environment Ginga-NCL) and procedural applications (through its execution, or procedural, environment Ginga-J). Since hybrid applications are common, either type of Ginga application may make use of facilities of both presentation and execution application environments. This paper focuses on the presentation environment Ginga-NCL. The main Brazilian inovations are then presented, regarding the Ginga architecture, the declarative NCL language specification, the editing commands for live application production, and the transport data structure.

This paper discusses multimedia and hypermedia modeling, authoring and formatting tools, presenting the proposals of the HyperProp system and comparing them to related work. It also highlights several research challenges that still need to be addressed. Moreover, it stresses the importance of document logical structuring and considers the use of compositions in order to represent context relations, synchronization relations, derivation relations and task relations in hypermedia systems. It discusses temporal and spatial synchronization among multimedia objects and briefly presents the HyperProp graphical authoring and formatting tools. Integration between the proposed system and the WWW is also addressed.Key words: Nested context model -HyperProp system -Multimedia/hypermedia formatting -Document logical structuring -Spatio-temporal synchronization 1 Actually, IMAP derived from the MOAP model. However, there are some conceptual differences between them, which will be highlighted throughout the paper. Although the IMAP model appears as IMD in some references, we will not make distinction between them.2 Note that HyperPro and HyperProp are distinct systems and NCM is the conceptual data model of HyperProp.

As in all main terrestrial DTV Systems, the Brazilian middleware, named Ginga, supports both declarative applications (through its presentation, or declarative, environment Ginga-NCL) and procedural applications (through its execution, or procedural, environment Ginga-J). Since hybrid applications are common, either type of Ginga application may make use of facilities of both presentation and execution application environments. This paper focuses on the presentation environment Ginga-NCL. The main Brazilian inovations are then presented, regarding the Ginga architecture, the declarative NCL language specification, the editing commands for live application production, and the transport data structure.

In some hypermedia system applications, like interactive digital TV applications, authoring and presentation of documents may have to be done concomitantly. This is the case of live programs, where not only some contents are not known a priori, but also some temporal and spatial relationships, among program media objects, may have to be established after the unknown content definition. This paper proposes a method for hypermedia document live editing, preserving not only the presentation semantics but also the logical structure semantics defined by an author. To validate this proposal, an implementation has been done for the Brazilian Digital TV System, which is also presented.

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Sandblasting is a common method to try to improve the Y-TZP/veneer bond strength of dental prostheses, however, it may put stress on zirconia surfaces and could accelerate the t→m phase transformation. Y-TZP sandblasting before sintering could be an alternative to improve surface roughness and bonding strength of veneering ceramic.Objectives.The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of Y-TZP pre-sintering sandblasting on surface roughness, phase transformation, and the Y-TZP/veneer shear bond strength.Material and Methods.The Y-TZP specimen surface underwent sandblasting with aluminum oxide (50 μm) pre-sintering (Z-PRE) and post-sintering (Z-POS). Z-CTR was not subjected to surface treatment. After ceramic veneer application, the specimens were subjected to shear bond testing. Surface roughness was analyzed by confocal microscopy. Y-TZP monoclinic and tetragonal phases were evaluated by micro-Raman spectroscopy. Shear bond strength and surface roughness data were analyzed by One-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α=0.05). Differences in the wave numbers and the broadening bands of the Raman spectra were compared among groups.Results.Z-POS (9.73±5.36 MPa) and Z-PRE (7.94±2.52 MPa) showed the highest bond strength, significantly higher than that of Z-CTR (5.54±2.14 MPa). The Ra of Z-PRE (1.59±0.23 µm) was much greater and significantly different from that of Z-CTR (0.29±0.05 µm) and Z-POS (0.77±0.13 µm). All groups showed bands typical of the tetragonal (T) and monoclinic (M) phases. Y-TZP sandblasting before sintering resulted in rougher surfaces but did not increase the shear bond strength compared to post-sintering and increased surface defects.Conclusions.Surface treatment with Al3O2, regardless of the moment and application, improves the results of Y-TZP/veneer bonding and is not a specific cause of t→m transformation.

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