Abstract. Anatomically detailed modeling of soft tissue structures such as the forehead plays an important role in physics based simulations of facial expressions, for surgery planning, and implant design. We present ultrasound measurements of through-layer tissue deformation in different regions of the forehead. These data were used to determine the local dependence of tissue interaction properties in terms of variations in the relative deformation between individual layers. A physically based finite element model of the forehead is developed and simulations are compared with measurements in order to validate local tissue interaction properties. The model is used for simulation of forehead wrinkling during frontalis muscle contraction.
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