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Video-based motion analysis recently appeared to be a promising approach in neonatal intensive care units for monitoring the state of preterm newborns since it is contact-less and noninvasive. However it is important to remove periods when the newborn is absent or an adult is present from the analysis. In this paper, we propose a method for automatic detection of preterm newborn presence in incubator and open bed. We learn a specific model for each bed type as the camera placement differs a lot and the encountered situations are different between both. We break the problem down into two binary classifications based on deep transfer learning that are fused afterwards: newborn presence detection on the one hand and adult presence detection on the other hand. Moreover, we adopt a strategy of decision intervals fusion in order to take advantage of temporal consistency. We test three deep neural network that were pre-trained on ImageNet: VGG16, MobileNetV2 and InceptionV3. Two classifiers are compared: support vector machine and a small neural network. Our experiments are conducted on a database of 120 newborns. The whole method is evaluated on a subset of 25 newborns including 66 days of video recordings. In incubator, we reach a balanced accuracy of 86%. In open bed, the performance is lower because of a much wider variety of situations whereas less data are available.

Background: Sleep is an important determinant of brain development in preterm infants. Its temporal organization varies with gestational age (GA) and post-menstrual age (PMA) but little is known about how sleep develops in very preterm infants. The objective was to study the correlation between the temporal organization of quiet sleep (QS) and maturation in premature infants without severe complications during their neonatal hospitalization. Methods: Percentage of time spent in QS and average duration of time intervals (ADI) spent in QS were analyzed from a cohort of newborns with no severe complications included in the Digi-NewB prospective, multicentric, observational study in 2017–19. Three groups were analyzed according to GA: Group 1 (27–30 weeks), Group 2 (33–37 weeks), Group 3 (>39 weeks). Two 8-h video recordings were acquired in groups 1 and 2: after birth (T1) and before discharge from hospital (T2). The annotation of the QS phases was performed by analyzing video recordings together with heart rate and respiratory traces thanks to a dedicated software tool of visualization and annotation of multimodal long-time recordings, with a double expert reading. Results are expressed as median (interquartile range, IQR). Correlations were analyzed using a linear mixed model. Results: Five newborns were studied in each group (160 h of recording). Median time spent in QS increased from 13.0% [IQR: 13–20] to 28.8% [IQR: 27–30] and from 17.0% [IQR: 15–21] to 29.6% [IQR: 29.5–31.5] in Group 1 and 2, respectively. Median ADI increased from 54 [IQR: 53–54] to 288 s [IQR: 279–428] and from 90 [IQR: 84–96] to 258 s [IQR: 168–312] in Group 1 and 2. Both groups reach values similar to that of group 3, respectively 28.2% [IQR: 24.5–31.3] and 270 s [IQR: 210–402]. The correlation between PMA and time spent in QS or ADI were, respectively 0.73 ( p < 10 −4 ) and 0.46 ( p = 0.06). Multilinear analysis using temporal organization of QS gave an accurate estimate of PMA ( r 2 = 0.87, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The temporal organization of QS is correlated with PMA in newborns without severe complication. An automated standardized continuous behavioral quantification of QS could be interesting to monitor during the hospitalization stay in neonatal units.

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