Purpose: To evaluate the use of barbed sutures over the surgical time, the leukogram, the tissue thickness in which the sutures were employed (ultrasonography), the costs, and the possible complications in bitches with pyometra submitted to ovariohysterectomy (OH). Methods: Convectional 2.0 polyglyconate suture was used in the control group (CG n = 10) and 2.0 barbed polyglyconate suture in the barbed group (BG n = 10) to perform celiorrhaphy (simple continuous pattern) and subcutaneous closure (continuous intradermal pattern). Data were assessed using paired (leukogram between 24 and 48 h within the same group) and unpaired (leukogram, surgical time, tissue thickness, and costs) Student's t-test. The Fisher exact test was used to assess the occurrence of seroma between groups (p < 0.05). Results are shown as mean ± standard error of mean. Results: The time spent to perform the celiorrhaphy (195.30 ± 17.37 s vs. 204 ± 16.00 s), subcutaneous closure (174.0 ± 15.86 s vs. 198.0 ± 15.62 s), and the total surgical time (24.30 ± 1.44 min vs. 23.00 ± 1.30 min) did not differ between BG and CG, respectively (p > 0.05). Leukogram at 48 h post-surgery did not differ between groups (p = 0.20). No differences were observed in the subcutaneous and the abdominal wall thickness (cm) assessed by ultrasonography at 48 h in BG (0.31 ± 0.04, 0.80 ± 0.05) and CG (0.34 ± 0.03, 0.72 ± 0.06), respectively. Similarly, 15 days post-surgery the same structures did not differ between BG (0.26 ± 0.02, 0.74 ± 0.08) and CG (0.26 ± 0.03, 0.64 ± 0.05) (p > 0.05). In one bitch from each group, a mild seroma was observed on one side of the surgical wound 48 h after surgery (p = 1.00). The procedures in which barbed sutures were used had an average additional cost of R$ 200.00 ± 11.66 (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Barbed suture has proven to be efficient and safe for abdominal and subcutaneous closure. However, considering its current high cost in addition that the surgical time of bitches with pyometra undergone OH was not reduced, no advantages were observed with the use of barbed sutures for this type of surgery.

Os norovírus foram os primeiros agentes virais ligados a doenças gastrointestinais em humanos. Por muito tempo, foram considerados como causa secundária de gastroenterite, após o rotavírus. O desenvolvimento de técnicas moleculares favoreceu dados mais claros sobre o impacto epidemiológico dos norovírus, que são atualmente reconhecidos como principal causa de surtos de gastroenterite não bacteriana esporádica em crianças e adultos. Em análise da diversidade genética e recombinação dos norovírus sabe-se que os mesmos estão presentes em várias espécies animais, incluindo os cães, o que denota na possível exposição dos seres humanos a estas novas cepas recém-descobertas. Devido à intensa relação social atualmente observada entre humanos e animais de estimação, sugerem-se novas investigações sobre o potencial zoonótico deste norovírus. O método de pesquisa utilizado neste trabalho foi uma revisão de literatura, que teve como objetivo revisar toda literatura atual sobre a epidemiologia e relevância do cão como potencial reservatório para este agente. Ainda são poucos os relatos sobre a presença do norovírus em cães, que podem apresentar um potencial de transferência zoonótica, porém devido à sua maior proximidade com os seres humanos na atualidade, considera-se a importância de novos estudos para avaliar o papel do cão como reservatório do norovírus, em especial no Brasil, pela inexistência de relatos até o presente momento. Palavras-chave: Cães. Gastroenterite não Bacteriana. Risco Zoonótico.  AbstractNoroviruses were the first viral agents linked to gastrointestinal diseases in humans. For a long time, they were considered as secondary cause of gastroenteritis after rotavirus. The development of molecular techniques has favored clearer data on the epidemiological impact of noroviruses, which are currently recognized as the main cause of outbreaks of sporadic non-bacterial gastroenteritis in children and adults. In analyzing the genetic diversity and recombination of noroviruses it is known that they are present in several animal species, including dogs, which denotes the possible exposure of humans to these newly discovered strains. Due to the intense social relationship currently observed between humans and pets, further research on the zoonotic potential of this norovirus is suggested. The research method used is a review of the literature, which aimed to review all current literature on the epidemiology and relevance of the dog as potential reservoir for this agent. There are still few reports on the presence of norovirus in dogs, which may present a potential for zoonotic transfer, but due to its greater proximity to humans nowadays, the importance of new studies to evaluate the role of the dog as norovirus reservoir, especially in Brazil, due to the lack of reports to date. Keywords: Dog. Nonbacterial Gastroenteritis. Zoonotic Potential.

O comportamento reprodutivo possui papel fundamental na determinação do relacionamento entre indivíduos e a perpetuação da espécie equina na natureza. O conhecimento acerca das peculiaridades comportamentais reprodutivas em equinos contribui, de forma positiva, para o estabelecimento de mudanças no manejo e visam melhoria da eficiência reprodutiva nos atuais sistemas de criação desses animais. A partir do conhecimento dos aspectos comuns ao ciclo estral e comportamento reprodutivo dos animais domésticos se pode chegar a um melhor resultado fazendo um manejo correto, diante do exposto, este trabalho buscou descrever as particularidades referentes à organização social, cortejo, cópula e conduta maternal de equinos com o objetivo de destacar a importância e influência do comportamento reprodutivo animal em relação ao sucesso reprodutivo. O presente estudo se constitui em uma revisão bibliográfica que aborda aspectos relacionados acerca do comportamento reprodutivo em equinos. A busca de artigos foi realizada nas bases de dados Scielo, Pubmed e Portal Capes, das quais foram selecionados artigos em texto completo, publicados em território nacional e internacional, no período de 1984 a 2017, nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português. O conhecimento a fundo do comportamento reprodutivo animal pode contribuir de forma positiva para o estabelecimento de mudanças no manejo, que visam melhoria da eficiência reprodutiva nos atuais sistemas de criação, e que devem, portanto, ser incentivados. Palavras-chave: Reprodução. Garanhão. Comportamento Sexual. AbstractThe reproductive behavior plays a fundamental role in the separation between individuals and a perpetuation of the equine type in nature. Knowledge  about the reproductive behavioral peculiarities in equines with positive capacity for change is not feasible and visually impossible to reproduce in the current animal’s exposure systems. From the knowledge of the common aspects to the estrous cycle and the animal's reproductive behavior, a better result can be reached by making a correct management. In view of the above, this work sought to describe  the particularities regarding the  social organization, courting, copulation and maternal equines with the aim of highlighting the importance and the influence of the reproductive animal’s behavior concerning the reproductive success. The present study is a bibliographical review that addresses aspects related to to the reproductive behavior in horses. The search for articles was carried out in the databases Scielo, Pubmed and Capes Portal, where articles  were selected  in the complete national and international document, from 1984 to 2017, in English, Spanish and English based on this work. Deep knowledge on the animal’s reproductive behavior can contribute positively to the establishment of changes in management, aimed at improving reproductive efficiency in current farming systems, and should therefore be encouraged. Keywords: Reproduction. Stallion. Sexual Behavior.