Abstract. We have developed a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence goggle system based on the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor active pixel sensor imaging and see-through display technologies. The fluorescence goggle system is a compact wearable intraoperative fluorescence imaging and display system that can guide surgery in real time. The goggle is capable of detecting fluorescence of indocyanine green solution in the picomolar range. Aided by NIR quantum dots, we successfully used the fluorescence goggle to guide sentinel lymph node mapping in a rat model. We further demonstrated the feasibility of using the fluorescence goggle in guiding surgical resection of breast cancer metastases in the liver in conjunction with NIR fluorescent probes. These results illustrate the diverse potential use of the goggle system in surgical procedures.
Linear current mode CMOS image sensor that performs spatial convolution during pixel readout using low power analog circuitry is presented. The image sensor has 128 by 109 pixel array, digital scanning registers, pixel selection circuitry, and digitally programmable analog processing unit. An intensity image in parallel with two convolved images is provided outside the chip at 60 frames per second. The image sensor was fabricated in 0.5 micron 3M2P process. The sensor operation and performance measurements are presented.
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