Employer engagement, in existing literature, mostly refers to the engagement of the educational institutions in the corporate world; to benchmark their curricula and syllabi in-line with the employers' needs. This study has focused on the same construct with different relation; typically in the context of work-based learning providers and organizational practices. Although there has been theoretical discussions and calls to develop comprehensive measures for employer engagement, however, no contemporary measure for employer engagement exist to the context this study was carried out. The scope of this study covers the development of a new scale based on the guidelines to measure employer engagement specifically to the context of work based practices. The scale constitutes of 19 items that address, employer engagement based on 3 sub-dimensions. The scale was developed and validated through six phases beginning with the determination of valid dimensions / construct followed by generation of pool of items, assessing the content adequacy of the items and items refinement through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability and validity of the scale are also tested.
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of management control systems such as self-control and organization’s norms on the sustainability of an organization with mediating role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices. The study focused on small and medium enterprises in the agricultural sector and how they can be sustainable by using these factors.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This is a primary study based on quantitative data. The non-probability, convenience sampling is used. The research design includes hypotheses testing whether they are accepted or rejected. Data collection was done through closed-ended questionnaires with a Likert scale. The chosen sample size was 200 however, 184 questionnaires were received back after filling. Smart PLS was used for data analysis.
Findings: Based on the analysis, all the hypotheses were accepted which show that there is indeed an impact of management control systems and organizations norms on an organization’s sustainability and CSR practices play the role of mediator.
Implications/Originality/Value: Originality this study is testing the mediating effect of CSR practices on control systems, organizations norms and sustainability of the firm in the agricultural sector of Pakistan where small and medium enterprises related to the agricultural sector are targeted. There are very few researches that focused on SME’S in the agricultural sector of Pakistan, this study provided a detailed insight into this sector. The study will be of great value to agricultural and SME’s owners on how they can create sustainability in their firm.
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