A monolayer Caco-2 cell model was established to explore the effects of sea bass sausage digestive juice containing phosphate on calcium ion transport. Differential proteins of Caco-2 cells treated with fish sausage juice were detected and analyzed by gene ontology (GO) functional annotation and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. Results revealed that after treatment with 0.23 mg/mL digestive juice of perch sausage in vitro, Caco-2 cell viability was the highest at 72 h (99.84%). Additionally, 0.23 mg/mL digestive juice of perch sausage in vitro significantly increased calcium ion transport. The transfer volume was 1.396 μg/well. Fish sausages containing phosphate significantly affected the protein expression levels of Caco-2 cells. Two hundred one differential proteins were detected, including 114 up-regulated and 87 down-regulated proteins. The main differential proteins included P02795, Q9P0W0, Q96PU5, Q9GZT9 and Q5EBL8. The adjustment ratios of the fish sausage group were 0.7485, 1.373, 1.2535, 0.6775, and 0.809, respectively. The pathway analysis showed that phosphate affected calcium ion absorption and transport through the P02795 enrichment pathway. The fish sausage group showed that the immune-related functions of cells were affected. This study expounds the effects of water-retaining agents on the nutritional quality of aquatic products and provides theoretical support for the research and application of surimi products.
<abstract><p>In this paper, we investigate the existence and uniqueness of solutions for nonlinear quadratic iterative equations in the sense of the Caputo fractional derivative with different boundary conditions. Under a one-sided-Lipschitz condition on the nonlinear term, the existence and uniqueness of a solution for the boundary value problems of Caputo fractional iterative equations with arbitrary order is demonstrated by applying the Leray-Schauder fixed point theorem and topological degree theory, where the solution for the case of fractional order greater than 1 is monotonic. Then, the existence and uniqueness of a solution for the period and integral boundary value problems of Caputo fractional quadratic iterative equations in $ R^N $ are also demonstrated. Furthermore, the well posedness of the control problem of a nonlinear iteration system with a disturbance is established by applying set-valued theory, and the existence of solutions for a neural network iterative system is guaranteed. As an application, an example is provided at the end.</p></abstract>
The averaging process between two-dimensional fractional Navier–Stokes equations driven by a singularly oscillating external force and the averaged equations corresponding to the limiting case are investigated. The uniform boundedness of the global attractors for a fractional Navier–Stokes equation with a singularly external force is established. Furthermore, these global attractors converge uniformly to the attractor of the averaged equations under suitable assumptions on the singularly external force, and the explicit convergence rate of the global attractors is guaranteed.
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