Microbial degradation is a useful tool for inhibiting or preventing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) widely distributed in marine environment after oil spill accidents. This study aimed to evaluate the potential and diversity of bacteria Bacillus sp. PAH-2 on Benzo (a) anthracene (BaA), Pyrene (Pyr), and Benzo (a) pyrene (BaP), their composite system, aromatic components system, and crude oil. The seven-day degradation rates against BaA, Pyr, and BaP were 20.6%, 12.83%, and 17.49%, respectively. Further degradation study of aromatic components demonstrated PAH-2 had a high degradation rate of substances with poor stability of molecular structure. In addition, the degradation of PAHs in crude oil suggested PAH-2 not only made good use of PAHs in such a more complex structure of pollutants but the saturated hydrocarbons in the crude oil also showed a good application potential.
The migration and transformation of the petroleum hydrocarbons from sediments into water columns is an important basis for assessing the impact on marine environment. In this paper, a static release experiment of crude oils from the Bohai Sea was carried out to evaluate the temporal and spatial variation of petroleum hydrocarbons and microbial communities. The results showed C1 phenanthrene (C1-P) can be used as an evaluation index of different crude oils during static release of oil pollution sediments and their trends of the static release were similar. The crude oil with higher C1-P content released C1-P into the water body significantly higher. After 72 hours, the C1-P release degree of crude oil with a smaller viscosity was more obvious. In the crude oil with the smallest viscosity and the higher viscosity, the bacterial phyla abundance increase was greater. And more importantly, the top 10 abundance of the microbial communities in the water columns and sediments appeared partial (3 species) replacement phenomenon. The research results can deep understanding the migration and transformation of the petroleum hydrocarbons from oil pollution sediments and understanding of the interaction between extreme weather events and human activities by incorporating an eco-evolutionary perspective.
Oil spills interact with mineral particles to form oil− particle aggregates (OPAs), which promotes the oil's natural diffusion and biodegradation. We investigated the effect of bacteria on the formation and vertical migration of OPAs under different concentrations and types of particles and proposed and elucidated an oil− particle−bacteria coupling mechanism. The depth of particle penetration into oil droplets (13−17 μm) was more than twice that of the nonbacterial group. Oil that remained in the water column and deposited to the bottom decreased from 87% to 49% and increased from 14% to 15% at high/low concentration, respectively. Interestingly, the median droplet diameter showed a negative correlation (R 2 = 0.83) and positive correlation (R 2 = 0.60) at high/low concentration, respectively, with the relative penetration depth first proposed. We further demonstrated that bacteria increased the penetrating depth by a combination of reducing/increasing the interfacial tension, reducing the oil amount (C 17 −C 38 ) in the OPAs, and increasing the particle width. These effects reduced the droplet size and ultimately changed the vertical migration of OPAs. Finally, we provided a simple assessment of the vertical distribution of OPAs in nearshore environments based on experimental data and suggested that the role of bacteria in increasing the depth of particles penetrating into the oil droplets should not be ignored. These findings will broaden the research perspective of marine oil spill migration.
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