This paper aims to establish a methodology for urban land use planning and management that provides an insight into the hierarchy of priorities between a large number of activities for planning actions, thus contributing to the concept of energy-efficient housing. This methodology includes three aspects of sustainable development: Economic, ecologic, and social, which serve as an overall criterion within which urban planners could make assessments of planned activities. The assessments are the core of the methodology—every aspect is assessed by concerning its costs, consequences on the urban environment, and the effects on the citizens’ quality of life. Ten experts were involved to prove the methodology’s effectiveness. As a result, a hierarchy between the activities is created, which would help an urban planner prioritize and order further activities. The applicability of the hierarchy was tested through a simulation of a reconstruction process of a collective housing area in New Belgrade, Serbia, from the view-point of land use and accessibility. This methodology contributes to the creation of the prioritized groups of activities, and a finalized hierarchy of the activities, while its application is seen in the process of making urban plans, and defining recommendations for its implementation.
The paper presents findings of research about the classification of New Belgrade?s super-blocks using the typomorphology approach and the morphogenetic analysis of urban morphology in relation to land use. The example of New Belgrade is particularly interesting given the fact that the morphological patterns of land use within its superblocks were created during the period of non-market economy in Socialism, and now it is possible to review the effect that the socio-political transition into Capitalism, which started in the 1990s, has had on its land use. As a result, a data base with the typology of residential super-blocks of New Belgrade is created: from the perspective of urban land use there are four main morphological types (with the subtypes) taking into account the morphology of the position of the buildings on the terrain, and traffic (cars-pedestrian) flows. The morphogenetic analysis reveals that after the 1990s there are processes pointing to powerful influence of land policy driven by private interests. Research findings suggest that nowadays there are negative trends of using the land in super-blocks in New Belgrade - e.g. percentage of land occupancy by buildings is getting bigger and almost 100% of the un-built soil in the newly developed super-blocks is covered /paved.
Within the guidelines and parameters for achieving an energy-efficient urban space, an important thematic subgroup deals with the issue of land use planning in the context of accessibility, where the topic of availability and presence of parking is emphasized as very important. The essence of the concept is the reduction of the use of ones own vehicles and, in connection with that, as the end result, the reduction of the number of available parking spaces. The creation and maintenance of an energy-efficient urban environment requires the realization of a large number of different activities that are impossible to realize simultaneously. (For now) there is no way to establish a hierarchy of realization between all the required activities (the order in which they are carried out), which can lead to big mistakes and problems. The paper describe the results of applying a methodology based on the idea of sustainable development, which could contribute to the systematization of a large number of activities and thus ensure that the concept/idea of reducing the use of own vehicles without lowering the quality of life of citizens is gradually implemented and becomes a reality.
Within the guidelines and parameters for achieving an energy-efficient urban space, an important thematic subgroup deals with the issue of land use planning in the context of accessibility, where the topic of availability and presence of parking is emphasized as very important. The essence of the concept is the reduction of the use of ones own vehicles and, in connection with that, as the end result, the reduction of the number of available parking spaces. The creation and maintenance of an energy-efficient urban environment requires the realization of a large number of different activities that are impossible to realize simultaneously. (For now) there is no way to establish a hierarchy of realization between all the required activities (the order in which they are carried out), which can lead to big mistakes and problems. The paper describe the results of applying a methodology based on the idea of sustainable development, which could contribute to the systematization of a large number of activities and thus ensure that the concept/idea of reducing the use of own vehicles without lowering the quality of life of citizens is gradually implemented and becomes a reality.
Predlozi za unapređenje stanja životne sredine u zoni (beo)gradskog auto-puta Problemi /činjenice: autoput koji je trasiran kroz strukturu Beograda još uvek nema odgovarajuće obilaznice i zbog toga je veoma opterećen u zoni (svakog) autoputa evidentni su problemi pogoršanih uslova životne sredine: posebno buke i aerozagađenja autoput je po prirodi uzrok fizičke segregacije prostora svi problemi koje uzrokuje autoput, u gradskoj stukturi su još složeniji (trasa autoputa predstavlja zonu "sukoba": I/korisnika /a/pešaka i potrebe za pešačkim koridorima za prelaz preko i /b/vozila i potrebe da se iz okolnih ulica sa sporijim saobraćajem uključi u kretanje na autoputu; II/različitih brzina kretanja /vozila u tranzitu kroz grad, unutargradska kretanja, javni gradski prevoz/; i III/specifičnih potreba /stanice javnog gradskog prevoza/ ________________________ Sve ovo je razlog da se, od početka uvođenja ovakvog vida saobraćajnica između gradova i njihovog prolaska kroz gradsko tkivo, radi i na rešenju navedenih problema. Danas postoji veliki broj modernih pristupa koji podrazumevaju korišćenje savremenih unapređenih materijala i postupaka uz uključivanje ideja održivog razvoja i ekološke efikasnosti.Za stanje životne sredine u Beogradu od velikog značaja je i ublažavanje loših efekata uticaja u zoni gradskog autoputa (pre svega buke i aero-zagađenja). Problem morfološke/prostorne neusaglašenosti je takođe ozbiljan, i potrebno je ukazati na ključne problematične tačke, kao i moguća rešenja, sa ciljem da grad bolje saobraćajno funkcioniše i pruža prijatniju prostornu sliku. PRIMERI IZ SVETSKE PRAKSE -NAČINIREŠAVANJA PROBLEMA KOJE UZROKUJU GRADSKI AUTOPUTEVI Najčešći (može se reći i najstariji) način rešavanja problema narušene životne sredine u zoni gradskog autoputa tiče se rešavanja problema buke -podizanjem zvučnih barijera duž autoputa. "Zvuk je energija kojoj se smanjuje intenzitet u toku putanje od izvora. Kada zvučni talasi naiđu na prepreku, deo će se odbiti od površine, a ako je ona porozna, deo će ući u pukotine u materijalu i odbijanjem o zidove potrošiti raspoloživu energiju -to je proces apsorpcije. Zvučne barijere smanjuju buku od autoputa u izgrađenim sredinama, procesom apsorpcije, reflektovanjem ili nametanjem dužeg puta zvuku unutar same barijere." [3] Zbog prirode širenja zvuka, u slučaju pokrenutog reljefa, u zgradama na višim kotama, kao i u slučaju R. GAJIĆ i dr. Zvučne barijere mogu biti: zemljani nasipi ozelenjeni žbunastim biljkama ili ograde/zidovi. U savremenoj praksi, s obzirom na materijale od kojih se izvode, prepoznaju se sledeći tipovi zvučnih barijera: drvene, aluminijumske (veoma efikasne), porozne -od metalnih rešetkastih konstrukcija (obezbeđujuju i estetsku funkcionalnu alterantivu ostalim sistemima, uz slobodan pogled na okruženje), od opeke, betonske, od reciklirane plastike (imaju prednost formiranja u više slojeva; mogu biti providne) i "ozelenjeni zidovi" [4], [5]. Savremena istraživanja kroz urbani dizajn razvijaju ideje različitih rešetkastih konstukcija obloženih speci...
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