In 6-24-month-old infants exposed to excessive iodine intake, ∼7% have subclinical hypothyroidism but <1% have overt hypothyroidism. These findings suggest the thyroid in late infancy is already able to adapt to high iodine intakes and, in most cases, maintain euthyroidism.

Introduction: Various types of COVID 19 vaccine are being used globally to control the current pandemic. Post-licensure surveillance of vaccine is essential to ensure the safety. This study aimed to determine Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFIs) of China Sinopharm (Vero cell), the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. Method: This is a cross sectional observational study conducted at Patan hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences (PAHS) after the approval from IRC. Vaccine recipient between April 7 to April 13 and May 16 to May 25 were contacted through a phone call after 72 h of vaccination to record the AEFIs. Pattern and distribution of AEFIs were analyzed. Ethical approval was taken from PAHS IRC. Result: A total of 6142 individual got the first dose of the vaccine and out of them we were able to contact 4574 through phone calls. Of the 4574, only 941 were included for the follow up phone call after the second dose of the vaccine. A total of 1336 AEFIs were reported in 868(19%) first dose vaccine recipients while 147 AFEIs were reported in 105(11.2%) second dose vaccine recipients.  The frequently reported AEFIs were pain at injection site, lethargy, headache, muscle ache and fever. All the AEFIs were mild to moderate in severity. Most of the AEFIs started within 24 h and resolved within 72 h. Conclusion: The Sinopharm (Vero cell) vaccine was found to have mild to moderate AEFIs in our study cohort and no case of severe AEFI was identified.

Background and Objectives:Cervical cancer is very common type of cancer in women globally. The objective of this study was to compare the cytopathological findings of the cervical pap smears using the revised 2001 Bethesda system and to compare the cytopathological findings with the clinical features. Material and Methods:A total of 1016 pap smear sent to the Department of Cytopathology at Peoples Dental college general hospital (PDCH), Kathmandu over a period of three years were studied. Relevant history and clinical findings were retrieved for the study. The age, caste, location, gravida of the patient, the nature of complaint of patient to the doctor along with the per speculum findings, per vaginal examination findings of the patient and their relation to the cytopathological findings of pap smears were evaluated.Results: No significant relationship was observed between the (30-39 years) aged women and the available outcome of pap smear (p=0.404). Most of the females were Brahmin and Newars. The statistical analysis showed no significant relationship (p>0.05) between the ethnicity and pap smear result. The number of asymptomatic women in this study was found 22.9%. This study found 20.37% of intraepithelial lesion or malignancy. Trichomonas vaginalis and bacterial vaginosis combinely contributed to 0.7% of the total cases in this study. Three smear cases were detected having malignant epithelial cell which were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion:In this study cervical pap smear was able to differentiate inflammatory, benign precursors and malignant cases. So, it is desirable to conduct routine Pap smear screening in women of all reproductive age regardless of race, ethnic background and socioeconomic status.