Background: Chronic sinusitis is one of the most common chronic diseases involving different age groups. The different etiological factors and difficult diagnostic procedures contribute to misdiagnosis and chronicity of sinusitis. There is no standard treatment for sinusitis. Long term use of corticosteroids and antibiotics may lead to numerous adverse side effects. Laser therapy has been suggested as a non-invasive treatment for sinusitis. It has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. When considering maxillary sinusitis, discharge tends to collect in the sinus base due to its anatomy and altered physiology. To improve penetration of laser into the maxillary sinus, intraoral laser at the vestibule depth of the maxilla may be more effective. Material and Subject: Thirty-four patients with chronic maxillary sinusitis were assigned into two groups. All were assessed before and after treatment. Group A received laser radiation plus standard medical treatment and group B received medical treatment only. The treatment plan was performed in 12 sessions using a Diode laser with a wavelength of 810 nm and 980nm. The SNOT-22 questionnaire and Computed Tomography were used to evaluate patients. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Both groups showed a significant improvement in symptoms following treatment (p < .001), however, the laser therapy group demonstrated greater improvements for all variables in response to treatment as compared to the traditional treatment group (p < .001). Conclusions: Using high intensity intra-oral laser therapy with medical treatment is more effective than using medical treatment only for treatment of chronic maxillary sinusitis.

Peripheral giant cell granuloma of jaws is considered as a reactive lesion. This lesion is characterized by the presence of multiple multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) in addition to mononuclear cells. The origin of the multinucleated giant cells is controversial.Objective: Assessment of the expression of CD34, CD68 and osteocalcin in peripheral giant cell granulomas to clarify the origin of MNGCs and to determine Ki-67 positive cells which are responsible for the growth of the lesion. Materials and Methods:In this study, nineteen cases of peripheral giant cell granuloma presented in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department and were treated by surgical excision.Five sections were prepared from a paraffin-embedded specimen of each case and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), CD68, CD34, Ki-67, and osteocalcin.Results: Ki-67, showed positive expression in mononuclear cells and few multinucleated giant cells.CD34 showed negative expression in mononuclear cells and multinucleated cells, while it showed positive results in endothelial cells of the blood vessels. CD 68 showed positive expression in multinucleated cells and few stromal cells. Osteocalcin (OC); bone formation marker showed positive expression in MNGCs and bone trabeculae.Conclusions: These results suggest that multinucleated giant cells are osteoclastic in nature and may derive from monocyte/macrophage lineage and not the endothelial cells. Additionally, we underlined the importance of mononuclear cells in the growth of these lesions while multinucleated cells showed no role in their growth and their presence is considered reactive.