In last few years the Computer Aided Drug Design and Discovery is many success rates. In academics and many pharmaceutical industries for drug lead discovery they adopt the Computational Drug Design. The modern era of drug discovery and development structural information play an important role. For visualization of 3D-structure of molecule different docking program are developed. The docking score is analysed by using computer-based drug design software. It is structure based virtual screening method for the orientation, conformation, position into a structure of target molecule. Ligand and Protein docking is new concept. Molecular docking method complication is optimization of lead molecule, biological pathway evaluation and de Novo drug design.
The drug development is a very time consuming and complex process. Drug development Process is Expensive. Success rate for the new drug development is very small. In recent years, decreases the new drugs development. The powerful tools are developed to support the research and development (R&D) process is essential. The Drug repurposing are helpful for research and development process. The drug re-purposing as an approach finds new therapeutic uses for current candidates or existing candidates or approved drugs, different from its original application. The main aimed of Drug repurposing is to reduce costs and research time investments in Research & Development. It is used for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Repositioning is important over traditional approaches and need for effective therapies. Drug re-purposing identifies new application for already banned or existing drugs from market. In drug design, drug repurposing plays important role, because it helps to preclinical development. It reducing time efforts, expenses and failures in drug discovery process. It is also called as drug repositioning, drug redirecting, drug reprofiling.
Nature is a treasure hunt of novel molecules which are extensively used by humans for their medicinal values for millennia. Herbal medicines have emerged as life savers all over the world due to their multifunctional and diverse array of activities on the human body. Plants supply numerous bioactive molecules which are capable of treating disease conditions. Plants produce varieties of phytochemicals which are commonly recognized as primary and secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites are inimitable resources for exploitation for pharmaceuticals, food additives e.t.c. They are often involved in the control of abiotic or biotic stress. They play distinctive roles in the defense mechanism of plants, act as insect repellant, regulate signaling pathways, and also exhibit varied range of pharmacological actions such as antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer anti-diabetic and others. Secondary metabolites are derived from one or mixed pathways that give rise to formation of various compounds i.e., alkaloids, volatile oils, tannins, glycosides and resins etc. which have great importance in modern medicine. Isopentenyl diphosphate and Shikimic acid pathway serve as primary precursors for the synthesis some of types of secondary metabolites. The present review deals with the brief introduction, significance of secondary metabolites in the plants, biosynthetic pathways, and therapeutic importance of some commonly known secondary metabolites.
The ethno-botanical study is having immense importance in the field of medical science; it has a unique importance in the branch of science with much attention. Ethno botany has a special relationship between people and plants. Traditional medicine and ethno plants are very important in the traditional community. The use of medicinal plants has been done since many ages and now it is also considered as a modern medicine. Medicinal plants have been used by various cultures and ethnic groups. Around 80% of conventional medicines used in primary healthcare are extracted from plants around the world. India is one of the world's mega biodiversity nations, with lush vegetation and a vast array of medicinal plants and herbs. Herbal medicines have a bright future in both developing and developed countries.
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