There has not been a major wheat stem rust epidemic worldwide since the 1970s, but the emergence of race TTKSK of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in 1998 presented a great threat to the world wheat production. Single disease-resistance genes are usually effective for only several years before the pathogen changes genetically to overcome the resistance. Stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is one of the most common and persistent wheat diseases worldwide. The development of varieties with multiple resistance is the most economical and effective strategy for preventing stripe rust and stem rust, the two main rust diseases constraining wheat production. Plateau 448 has been widely used in the spring wheat growing region in northwest China, but it has become susceptible to stripe rust and is susceptible to TTKSK. To produce more durable resistance to race TTKSK as well as to stripe rust, four stem rust resistance genes (Sr33, Sr36, Sr-Cad, and Sr43) and three stripe rust resistance genes (Yr5, Yr18, and Yr26) were simultaneously introgressed into Plateau 448 to improve its stem rust (Ug99) and stripe rust resistance using a marker-assisted backcrossing strategy combined with phenotypic selection. We obtained 131 BC1F5 lines that pyramided two to four Ug99 resistance genes and one to two Pst resistance genes simultaneously. Thirteen of these lines were selected for their TTKSK resistance, and all of them exhibited near immunity or high resistance to TTKSK. Among the 131 pyramided lines, 95 showed high resistance to mixed Pst races. Nine lines exhibited not only high resistance to TTKSK and Pst but also better agronomic traits and high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit compositions than Plateau 448.
Selenium is an essential microelement for humans and animals. The specific processing technique of oats can maximize the preservation of its nutrients. In this study, to understand the genetic response of oats in a high-selenium environment, oats were treated with sodium selenate for 24 h, and transcriptome analysis was performed. A total of 211,485,930 clean reads composing 31.30 Gb of clean data were retained for four samples. After assembly, 186,035 unigenes with an average length of 727 bp were generated, and the N50 length was 1,149 bp. Compared with that in the control group, the expression of 7,226 unigenes in the treatment group was upregulated, and 2,618 unigenes were downregulated. Based on the sulfur assimilation pathway and selenocompound metabolic pathway, a total of 27 unigenes related to selenate metabolism were identified. Among them, the expression of both key genes APS (ATP sulfurylase) and APR (adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate reductase) was upregulated more than 1,000-fold under selenate treatment, while that of CBL (cystathionine-β-synthase) was upregulated 3.12-fold. Based on the transcriptome analysis, we suspect that the high-affinity sulfur transporter Sultr1;2 plays a key role in selenate uptake in oats. A preliminary regulatory mechanism explains the oat response to selenate treatment was ultimately proposed based on the transcriptome analysis and previous research.
Background and aims Wheat is the major nutrient source for numerous people. Aegilops tauschii Coss. (DD), the D genome donor of common wheat (BBAADD), exhibits abundant genetic variations in selenium and zinc concentrations. Ae. tauschii accession AS2407 exhibited prominent Se and Zn accumulation ability. The objectives of this study were to map Se and Zn accumulation-related quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and to identify candidate genes controlling Se and Zn accumulation in Ae. tauschii. Methods In this study, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping was carried out for selenium and zinc accumulation in the aerial parts of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from two subspecies, AS2407 (Ae. tauschii. ssp. strangulate) and AS65 (Ae. tauschii. ssp. tauchii), and candidate genes were screened. Kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) markers, which are closely linked to QTLs, were developed, and their distributions were detected in a natural population of Ae. tauschii. Results QTLs controlling selenium and zinc content were identified on chromosomes 1D and 2D, named QSe-1D and QZn-2D, respectively, which could explain 11.94% and 13.49% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. Five selenium-related candidate genes and three zinc-related candidate genes were screened. KASP markers (KASP_Chr1_22217614 and KASP_Chr2_57200260) were developed. QSe-1D and QZn-2D are the first mapped QTLs controlling selenium and zinc accumulation in the aerial part of Ae. tauschii. Conclusions These QTLs and KASP markers will be useful for quality improvement of wheat high nutrition and valuable for understanding the biological basis of Se and Zn intake in Ae. tauschii.
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