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Through a large-scale national survey, this study provided the first comprehensive examination of podcast users in the United States from the perspectives of motivation and usage. It deepened our understanding of this new on-demand audio platform in the context of consumption drivers, behaviors, and competing media options. The results showed that entertainment, information, and audio platform superiority were the most important motivators for podcast consumption. In addition, motives were found to affect listening behaviors, including listening settings, width, depth, and routine of listening, and usage of competing audio media, such as regular radio, online radio, and streaming music. The findings revealed that podcasting is a distinct medium with unique characteristics rather than a mobile, on-demand extension of existing audio platforms like radio. Podcast consumption, especially on today’s complex media platforms, is multidimensional and should be measured from multiple aspects and examined in various settings.

BackgroundDiagnosing the biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer (PCa) is a clinical challenge, and early detection of BCR can help patients receive optimal treatment. We conducted a meta-analysis to define the diagnostic accuracy of PET/CT using 18F-labeled choline, fluciclovine, and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in patients with BCR.MethodsMultiple databases were searched until March 30, 2021. We included studies investigating the diagnostic accuracy of 18F-choline, 18F-fluciclovine, and 18F-PSMA PET/CT in patients with BCR. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and detection rate of 18F-labeled tracers were calculated with a random-effects model.ResultsA total of 46 studies met the included criteria; 17, 16, and 13 studies focused on 18F-choline, fluciclovine, and PSMA, respectively. The pooled sensitivities of 18F-choline and 18F-fluciclovine were 0.93 (95% CI, 0.85–0.98) and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.65–0.897), and the specificities were 0.91 (95% CI, 0.73–0.97) and 0.66 (95% CI, 0.50–0.79), respectively. The pooled detection rates of 18F-labeled choline, fluciclovine and PSMA were 66, 74, and 83%, respectively. Moreover, the detection rates of 18F-labeled choline, fluciclovine, and PSMA were 35, 23, and 58% for a PSA level less than 0.5 ng/ml; 41, 46, and 75% for a PSA level of 0.5–0.99 ng/ml; 62, 57, and 86% for a PSA level of 1.0–1.99 ng/ml; 80, 92, and 94% for a PSA level more than 2.0 ng/ml.ConclusionThese three 18F-labeled tracers are promising for detecting BCR in prostate cancer patients, with 18F-choline showing superior diagnostic accuracy. In addition, the much higher detection rates of 18F-PSMA showed its superiority over other tracers, particularly in low PSA levels.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO, identifier CRD42020212531.

CUE domain-containing 2 (CUEDC2) is a multi-functional protein, which regulates cell cycle, growth factor signaling and inflammation. We found that CUEDC2 was low in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and lung adenocarcinoma tissues at both mRNA and protein levels. Low levels of CUEDC2 were correlated with a shorter survival time in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (p = 0.004). CUEDC2 expression was correlated with tumor T classification (P = 0.001) at clinical stage (P = 0.001) and tumor size (P = 0.033). Multivariate analysis suggested that CUEDC2 expression is an independent prognostic indicator for patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Ectopic expression of CUEDC2 decreased cell proliferation in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in nude mice in vivo. Knockdown of endogenous CUEDC2 by short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) increased tumor growth. Inhibition of proliferation by CUEDC2 was associated with inactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, induction of p21 and down-regulation of cyclin D1. Our results suggest that decreased expression of CUEDC2 contributes to tumor growth in lung adenocarcinoma, leading to a poor clinical outcome.

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Background:To perform a systematic review of the effect of time interval on 2-deoxy-2-[18F] fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) uptake in normal organs.Methods:PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid, and Cochrane databases were searched to identity all potential eligible literature. The study characteristics and relevant data were extracted and analyzed. We adopted the effect size (ES) and the coefficient of determination (R2) to best measure the magnitude of the relation between time interval and 18F-FDG uptake in normal organs.Results:Seven articles and 860 participants were included. The time interval on liver and mediastinal blood pool were relatively medium (R2=0.01–0.03, ES = –0.57 and –0.60) but noticeable (R2 = 0.06, ES = –0.68 and –0.39), respectively. The uptake of 18F-FDG on cerebellum, spleen, bone marrow, muscle, bowel, and adipose remains to be verified as the rare studies. In addition, other factors such as body mass index and blood glucose level appeared to be important which also affect 18F-FDG uptake in normal organs.Conclusion:The impact of time interval on SUVs in liver and mediastinal blood pool were relatively medium but clinically noticeable. More studies need to be done to solve the relation between the SUVs of other organs and time interval.

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