Bullet holes play a major role in the trajectory determination of fired bullets, potentially suggesting where the shots were fired from. Few methods are currently employed to estimate the angles of incidence of fired bullets using bullet holes. The literature has stressed that knowledge about the impact behavior of the specific bullet-substrate interfaces, including the most viable method for estimating the angle of incidence of that combination, requires empirical testing to enable successful analysis. The perfo-How to cite this article: Nishshanka B, Shepherd C, Ariyarathna R. AK bullet (7.62 × 39 mm) holes on 1-mm sheet metal: A forensic-related study in aid of bullet trajectory reconstruction.
Bullet ricochet is a common occurrence in shooting incidents. It can be explained as a glancing rebound of fired projectiles off surfaces and is affected by various factors [1], including the ricochet surface type and its reaction, bullet angle of incidence, bullet type, shape and construction, and impact velocity are some of the main factors responsible for the ricochet behaviors of bullets [2]. Although existing literature presents theoretical explanations of how a bullet is generally expected to behave when ricocheting off different surface types
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