This study investigates the critical elements of parent involvement as related to children's improved academic achievement. Survey data were collected from 220 parents whose children attend three Chicago public elementary schools. The schools serve largely minority, low-income populations and score in the top third of the Illinois State Achievement Tests. Using Epstein's framework of parent involvement, we found that participants indicated a stronger tendency to participate in two of Epstein's typologies: Type I (Parenting) and Type IV (Learning at Home). Results suggest that schools struggling with unsatisfactory student achievement may benefit from focusing parent involvement efforts on building parenting capacity and encouraging learning-at-home activities.
While parent education is recognized as a useful construct, practitioners often have little picture of the critical elements necessary for parent education to succeed. The study reported utilized qualitative methods to attain deeper insight into the dynamics underlying the reported benefits and outcomes of parent education in order to inform practice. Fifteen mothers at three sites across the Midwest were interviewed after participating in a parent education program based on the theory of Re-evaluation Counseling. Results suggest the program can lead to significant, transformative learning and an enhanced sense of personal empowerment. The group format can provide critical social support to parents who may otherwise be socially isolated. Course content can encourage the acquisition of more effective parenting skills. The overall experience can result in deeper understanding of children and the role and responsibility of parents in encouracing children's development. Implications for practitioners and program development are offered.
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