We describe a new method to cut a precise, high-quality femoral cavity in Revision Total Hip Replacement surgery (RTHR) using a surgical robot and an intra-operative C-arm fluoroscope. With respect to previous approaches, our method contains several new features. (1) We describe a novel checkerboard plate designed to correct the geometric distortion within fluoroscopic images. Unlike previous distortion correction devices, the plate does not completely obscure any part of the image, and the distortion correction algorithm works well even when there are some overlaid objects in the field of view. (2) Also included are a novel corkscrew fiducial object designed to be integrated with the robot end-effector, and a 6D pose estimation algorithm based on the two-dimensional (2D) projection of the corkscrew, used in robot-imager registration and imager co-registration. (3) In addition, we develop a cavity location algorithm, which utilizes image subtraction and 2D anatomy contour registration techniques. (4) Finally, we propose a progressive cut refinement strategy, which progressively improves the robot registration during the procedure. We have conducted several experiments, in both simulated and in vitro environments. The results indicate that our strategy is a promising method for precise orthopedic procedures like total hip replacement.
We describe a new method to cut a precise, high-quality femoral cavity in Revision Total Hip Replacement surgery (RTHR) using a surgical robot and an intra-operative C-arm fluoroscope. With respect to previous approaches, our method contains several new features. (1) We describe a novel checkerboard plate designed to correct the geometric distortion within fluoroscopic images. Unlike previous distortion correction devices, the plate does not completely obscure any part of the image, and the distortion correction algorithm works well even when there are some overlaid objects in the field of view. (2) Also included are a novel corkscrew fiducial object designed to be integrated with the robot end-effector, and a 6D pose estimation algorithm based on the two-dimensional (2D) projection of the corkscrew, used in robot-imager registration and imager co-registration. (3) In addition, we develop a cavity location algorithm, which utilizes image subtraction and 2D anatomy contour registration techniques. (4) Finally, we propose a progressive cut refinement strategy, which progressively improves the robot registration during the procedure. We have conducted several experiments, in both simulated and in vitro environments. The results indicate that our strategy is a promising method for precise orthopedic procedures like total hip replacement.
This paper reports a modular robotic system currently in development for performing intra-operative 3-D ultrasound scans. The final goal is to be able to utilize ultrasound as a guidance and imaging modality for a variety of computer integrated surgery applications by overcoming the limits it's handheld nature presents. The primary component of the system is a compact 3 DOF robot called the Translational Remote Center of Motion Robot (TRCM). This unit, which can be used standalone or as a dexterity end effector for a larger degree of freedom base robot, can perform the motions necessary to locate and perform force controlled scans of target anatomy quickly and safely. This relatively inexpensive unit, while designed with the ultrasound application in mind, also becomes a useful general purpose robot for any application in which an RCM mechanism is desired.
We describe a new method to cut a precise, high quality cavity in Revision Total Hip Replacement surgery (RTHR) using a set of intra-operative C-arm fluoroscopic images. With respect to previous approaches, our method provides the following new features: (1) a novel checkerboard plate was designed to correct the geometric distortion within fluoroscopic images. Unlike previous distortion correction devices, the plate doesn't completely obscure any part of the image, and the distortion correction algorithm works well even when there are some overlaid objects in field of view; (2) a novel corkscrew fiducial object attached to the robot end-effector was designed, and a 6D pose estimation algorithm based on the 2D projection of the corkscrew is developed and used in robot-imager registration and imager co-registration; (3) we propose a progressive cut refinement scheme and an iterative cut location algorithm which utilizes image subtraction and 2D anatomy contour matching techniques. Several cutting experiments and some simulated experiments have been conducted to assess our techniques. The results indicate that our scheme is a promising method for RTHR application.
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