Diabetes is one of the most common global illness affecting millions of people in the world. SGLT2 is newly classified anti-diabetic drug, it is highly selective novel approach for type –II diabetes patients because it as low affinity to plasma proteins and high capacity transport of glucose protein compared to SGLT1. Empagliflozin is highly selective for SGLT2, which is sold under the brand name of Jardiance it is mainly recommended for type II DM. The studies have proven that empagliflozin shows both Cardio protective and Reno protective effects and well established for the management of weight loss in diabetes mellitus. Pharmacokinetic studies are well achieved and shown no major drug interactions and less side effects. SGLT2 inhibitors have given novel approach about orally administered drug and more or less this can benefit the patients for easy life style without leading to further complications.
Breast cancer is mainly formed in the tissues of the breast, and it spreads through the lymphatic system. They are mostly found in women rather than men. The breast cancer incidence has been increasing globally, with 1 in 8 women developing cancer in their lifetime. This prospective observational study was conducted to determine the Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) in post-mastectomy breast cancer patients for nine months in a tertiary care hospital. Sixty patients were divided into two groups where one arm received Olanzapine, and the other received aprepitant. Both the arms were analysed for the severity of nausea and vomiting. Aprepitant (APT) is a neurokinin one receptor antagonist (NK1RA) which is used as antiemetic in the prophylaxis of CINV. Olanzapine (OLP) is a second-generation antipsychotic agent, which works by blocking the serotonin receptor. The objective of the study is to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of APT versus OLP in preventing CINV in breast cancer patients on Docetaxel-Adriamycin-Cyclophosphamide regimen. The OLP is more effective than APT in antiemetic therapy.
Aims and Objectives: The main aim of the study was to find out the association of serum homocysteine (HCY) in diabetic neuropathy patients. Methods: All the patients who were diagnosed with Type II diabetes mellitus will be included. Their serum levels of fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, and associated blood parameters will be assessed. Diabetic neuropathy will be confirmed using nerve conduction testing, electromyography, and quantitative sensory testing with clinically correlated. The serum HCY levels will be measured and correlated with other blood parameters. Results: Of 1000 patients, 46 were Type I diabetic and 954 were Type II. The prevalence of neuropathy in diabetic patients was 156. Mean serum HCY without diabetic neuropathy was 6.8+2.9 and serum HCY with diabetic neuropathy was 21.6+0.29 and p value was found to be 0.0017. The correlation between serum HCY and diabetic neuropathy was found to be 14.5 with p=0.001. Conclusion: There has been a significant increase of HCY in diabetic patients. It can be clearly seen that elevated serum HCY level has led to some of the complications of diabetic neuropathy.
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