Muqarnas domes and cornices represent a unique element in Islamic architecture. Muqarnas embody a form of architectural ornament with a cellular structure. This style includes an endless variety of longitudinal friezes and, in particular, generates a system that builds astonishing vaults consisting of complex combinations of units that are challenging to distinguish. The geometric divisions of a squinch create a large number of mini-squinches that produce various Muqarnas arrangements. The Muqarnas architectural ornament can be understood by juxtaposing the different individual forms together to cover a space, creating a vault, dome or linear cornice. Here, we aim to investigate the origins of the Muqarnas cellular structure and to establish the substantial difference between the Muqarnas located in the Eastern and Western regions. Emphasis is then placed on the methodologies for assembling and building the Muqarnas in the Maghreb and Andalusia.
Islamic Architecture went through several periods of time. During its peak, numerous Islamic dynasties had been developed which resulted in the creation of new forms of architecture. When Islam started rising, it focused on spreading its faith among people in the Arabian Peninsula. Later, it concentrated on expanding to neighbourhood districts outside the Arabian Peninsula reaching Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Iran, North Africa and parts of Europe. These expansions developed rapid transformation in Architecture. The enormous extent of the Islamic Empire had developed independent dynasties over time. Each independent dynasty had a central political and geographical location, which created an individual art in architecture. These dynasties created a recognized architectural designs and methodologies, some influenced by previous Civilizations, some influenced by the characteristics of the regions in which they developed and some follows the influence of Islamic religious philosophies. Throughout history, new branches of Islamic beliefs had been created and new sub independent dynasties had been developed. This raise a research question to investigate on: The origin of the Islamic Ribbed Vaults, which famed in North Africa and Spain. The research paper takes a comprehensive analysis of civilizations that were founded before Islam in North Africa and Spain and resulted in the development of the Islamic Ribbed Vaults, which popped particularly during the eighth century. It also, traces the development of the Islamic Ribbed Vaults since it's initiated until it reached North Africa and Spain. Previous research papers analysed a certain period of time or region but none had traced the development of the Islamic Ribbed Vaults since its birth. To this end, the thesis investigates on the Islamic Ribbed Vaults development in Dessert Castles, Fortresses, Mosques and Mausoleums. The results of which are expected to open doors for new papers in the field of Islamic Ribbed Vaults, types, and construction Method.
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