Background and Objective: Cyclophosphamide is a well-known alkylating anticancer drug that is used to treat a variety of cancers, both malignant and non-malignant. Cyclophosphamide can have a number of side effects, including oral toxicity. Rosuvastatin, a statin, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in addition to its anti-hyperlipidemic properties. The goal of this trial was to see if rosuvastatin could help prevent cyclophosphamide-induced tongue lesions. Methods: Twenty-four Wister-albino rats, weighing 300-400grams and aged 12-16 weeks, were used. The animals were divided into three groups: group I considered as control. Group 2 was given cyclophosphamide 150mg\kg and in group 3 was given cyclophosphamide 150mg/kg, and rosuvastatin (20mg/kg). The microscopic parameter was estimated, and the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) in the tongue was measured. On day 15, the animals (eight per group) were slaughtered, and the tongue was removed from the oral cavity for histological and immunohistochemical investigation. Results: At day 15, rosuvastatin significantly reduced the severity of the cyclophosphamide-induced tongue lesion in terms of histological score and immunohistochemistry expression of MDA (P 0.05). Conclusion: Rosuvastatin, at a dose of 20mg/kg/day, provided antioxidant and histological grade-reducing protection against cyclophosphamide-induced tongue lesion, and hence could be utilized as a preventive drug against cyclophosphamide-induced tongue lesion.
Background: Limited researchs were noticed on the histological impact of cyclophosphamide on rats' brains and the reports on the effects of antioxidants to protect these harmful effects are scanty. Trials have assessed the effect of statins in cancer regarding the association between statins use and cancer incidence. Aim: To investigate the protective and ameliorative effects of rosuvastatin on the brain toxicity induced by a single dose of cyclophosphamide in male rats. Materials and methods: Twenty-four rats were divided into 3 groups (n=8 for each). The control group includes animals which were received no treatment for 15 days. The cyclophosphamide group includes rats which were received a single dose of 150 mg/kg cyclophosphamide intraperitoneally on day 8 of the experiment, then left for 7 days without treatment. The rosuvastatin+ cyclophosphamide group enrolled rats which were gavaged with rosuvastatin (20 mg/kg/day) for 7 days and then they have received an injection of cyclophosphamide and gavaged with the same dose of rosuvastatin for other 7 days. All rats were subjected to euthanasia. Brain from each case was extracted and prepared for histological examination. Results: The hippocampal sections of rats which were belonged to group 2 showed some alterations including the presence of cells with ghost appearance and damaged neurons. Features of dense nuclei of damaged hilar cells were manifested with evidence of extracellular vacuoles besides some pyknotic nuclei in these sections. Hippocampal sections of rats of group 3 showed that the majority of pyramidal cells and granule cells manifested seminormal appearance with improvement in the thickness of both granule and pyramidal cell layers. Conclusions: Rosuvastatin has a protective and ameliorative role against the adverse effect of cyclophosphamide on rat hippocampus which may be useful in clinical practice of cancer treatment.
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