A large proportion of mothers of children with mental retardation experienced substantial parenting stress, especially Chinese and unemployed mothers, and this warrants appropriate intervention.

The factors associated with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) of adolescents have been widely researched. However, the underlying mechanism of the relationship between childhood trauma and NSSI is limited. This study aimed to explore the risk factors for NSSI among Chinese adolescents. Our hypothesis was that psychological sub-health (PSH) played a mediating role between childhood trauma and NSSI. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescent, and the self-report NSSI were used to measure childhood trauma, PSH, and NSSI. Structural equation model (SEM) was performed to verify our hypothesis. The results showed that 33.9% of the participants in our survey had engaged in NSSI in the past year. Adolescents who were left-behind children or in primary schools were more likely to engage in NSSI. Additionally, 56.2% of the participants had moderate to severe childhood trauma, and 26.1% of the participants had PSH. Furthermore, childhood trauma and PSH would increase the risk of NSSI by 2 times (B = 0.79, p < 0.01) and 5 times (B = 1.64, p < 0.01), respectively. SEM was established (p = 0.512) and the goodness-of-fit indices were examined (CMIN/DF = 0.892; GFI = 0.997; AGFI = 0.992; NFI = 0.991; RFI = 0.980; IFI = 1.00; TLI = 1.00; CFI = 1.00; RMSEA < 0.001). The SEM indicated that childhood trauma positively predicted NSSI both directly and indirectly through PSH. PSH has been confirmed to have partial mediating effects between childhood trauma and NSSI. The assessment of PSH may be an operable and effective method to screen and predict NSSI. Meanwhile, the intervention of childhood trauma and PSH may effectively prevent and reduce the occurrence of NSSI among adolescents.

Background The factors related to psychological sub-health (PSH) have been widely described, but the research on the mechanism behind the complex relationship between childhood trauma and PSH is limited. This study investigated the current situation and risk factors of PSH among Chinese adolescents. And further, explore whether Internet addiction (IA) plays a potential mediating effect in childhood trauma and PSH. Methods The study was conducted in October 2020 in Anhui Province, China. The PSH state of 866 adolescents was investigated, including demographic information such as gender, age, and grade. Childhood trauma, IA, and PSH were measured by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form (CTQ-SF), Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT), and the Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents (MSQA). The mediating effect is further verified by the structural equation model (SEM). Results In this study, 866 adolescents were selected as subjects, and the proportion of male and female is roughly equal. The prevalence of PSH in adolescents was 25.8%, and left-behind children, boarding, or adolescents who have had non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) are more likely to have PSH. Through the mediation test, the direct effect of childhood trauma on PSH was 0.23 (95% CI [4.91,9.00],p <0.001), and the mediating effect of IA on childhood trauma and PSH was 0.07 (95% CI [1.42, 3.32],p <0.001). and the proportion of them is 75.14% and 24.86% respectively. Conclusions Childhood trauma has direct and indirect effects on PSH, and IA plays a mediating effect in the indirect effect. Therefore, clarifying these relationships helps formulate and implement effective interventions to improve psychological health (PH) in Chinese adolescents.

BackgroundAdolescents are at high risk of Internet addiction (IA). Previous studies have shown that the occurrence of IA may be associated with childhood trauma and social support to varying degrees. This study aimed to investigate the pathogenesis of IA in adolescents. Further, to explore the potential mediating role of social support in childhood trauma and IA. This study provides theoretical support for future interventions targeting IA in adolescents.MethodsThis study used a descriptive cross-sectional design. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT) were used to conduct an anonymous questionnaire survey among randomly selected adolescents aged less than 18 years old in two cities in southern Anhui Province. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were used to test the correlation between IA and other variables. A binary logistic regression model was used to explore the influencing factors of IA. Multiple regression models were examined with process macro and bootstrapping to confirm significant mediating effects.ResultsA total of 844 adolescents, equally divided between males and females, participated in this study, and the prevalence of IA in the region was 23.0%. Through the mediation test, the direct effect of childhood trauma on IA was 0.20 (95% CI [0.12, 0.27], p &lt; 0.001), and the mediating effect of social support on childhood trauma and IA was 0.09 (95% CI [0.06, 0.14]).ConclusionThe study showed that childhood trauma significantly affected the incidence of IA in adolescents. Social support had a significant mediating effect on childhood trauma and IA and attenuated its negative effects.

The integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can significantly improve teaching and learning outcomes, but various factors determine the degree to which ICT is integrated into educational practices. This study used quantitative methodology to examine four key factors that impact in-service teachers’ ICT integration and how they interact with each other. Data was collected through snowball sampling from 685 in-service teachers in Henan Province, China. Using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), the study analyzed four factors from the Technology Acceptance Model 3 (TAM 3) and the Will-Skill-Tool model (WST model): attitudes (AT), self-efficacy (SE), digital competence (DC), and digital tools utilization (DTU). The findings revealed that all four elements exerted a noteworthy influence on the integration of ICT by in-service instructors. Meanwhile, attitudes, digital competence, and digital tools utilization have a mediating effect in this research. Additionally, the study examined how gender, age, and teaching experience influence these factors and ICT integration. The findings revealed that females exhibit higher levels of positive attitudes and digital competence than males, while teachers aged 31–35 years have stronger digital abilities, digital tool use, and ICT integration compared to younger or older teachers. Furthermore, teachers with less than three years of teaching experience exhibit significantly stronger attitudes, self-efficacy, digital competence, and ICT integration than those with more than ten years of experience. The implication of the study provides valuable insights for designing effective ICT-based instruction and developing teacher education and educational technology programs aimed at promoting ICT integration in the classroom.

Background. The factors related to psychological sub-health (PSH) have been widely described, but the research on the mechanism behind the complex relationship between childhood trauma and PSH is limited. This study investigated the current situation and risk factors of PSH among Chinese adolescents, and explores the direct influence of childhood trauma on PSH. And hypothesizes that Internet addiction (IA) plays a mediating effect between childhood trauma and PSH. Methods. The mental health survey was conducted in China's Anhui Province in October 2020. Childhood trauma, IA and PSH were measured by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and the Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescent (MSQA). Our hypothesis is further verified by the structural equation model (SEM).Results. In this study, 866 adolescents were selected as subjects, the prevalence of PSH in adolescents was 25.8%, and left-behind children, boarding or adolescents who have had non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) are more likely to have PSH. In addition, 57.5% and 23.2% of the participants reported childhood trauma and IA, both of which had a direct impact on PSH and increased the risk of PSH by about 2 times (OR=1.95, CI=1.32~2.89, P < 0. 01) and 5 times (OR=5.20, CI=3.55~7.60, P < 0. 01), respectively. The SEM showed that the fitting condition of the model is good (CMIIN/DF = 1.139, GFI=0.998, TLI=0.999, CFI=1.00, RMSEA=0.013). The SEM results revealed that childhood trauma predicted PSH directly or indirectly through IA. IA has been confirmed to have partial mediating effects between childhood trauma and PSH. Conclusions. Childhood trauma has direct and indirect effects on PSH, and IA plays a mediating role in the indirect effect. Therefore, clarifying these relationships is helpful in formulating and implement effective interventions to improve psychological health (PH) in Chinese adolescents.