Difficulties in the integration of perceptual information into motor action may result in inadequate solutions to daily motor problems. As it stems from our results, intellectual disability relates to inability to integrate visual inputs and hand movements. In people with mild ID such inability is observed using both hands (i.e., they show no hand preferences). Poor perceptual-motor coordination might have a functional significance in that it may lead to exclusion from vocational and recreational activities, and a decreasing competence of ADL. Assessing coordination in adults with ID may contribute to understanding the nature of the ID condition and may encourage an early rehabilitation.
Adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) show a greater tendency toward deconditioning and having a sedentary lifestyle than their peers without disabilities. The aim of this study was to characterize sensorimotor deficits through coordination tests and during static and dynamic balance. Eight tasks that involved the integration of hand movements with visual information were used here, as well as the Posture Scale Analyzer system to examine postural stability. During static and dynamic standing tests with the eyes closed, the postural stability of people with ID was accompanied by a small sway rate. In the ID group, the frontal plane movements were significantly larger (p>.05) than the sagittal plane movements. The participants with ID showed a significantly lower score than the control group in all the sensorimotor tests. Our observations on balance and coordination capabilities might have significance for understanding the mechanisms underlying movement dysfunction in adults with ID and offer some new approaches for their possible prevention.
Background: Many adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) have low physical activity (PA). Lack of PA is a risk factor for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, and some types of cancer. The objective of this study was to investigate the rate of PA in healthy older adults with ID. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data. Participants were caregivers of persons with ID who were over 50 years old and living in a residential care center. A PA questionnaire and a daily rapport form were used to gather information about the type and rate of daily PA of persons with ID for 12 consecutive days. The Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) was used to assess functional dependency. Results: Healthy older adults with ID do not engage in adequate regular PA as recommended by the US Department of Health and Human Services. Conclusion: The low participation in PA for persons with ID may be related to lack of appreciation of the benefits of PA, lack of support from their caregivers and difficulty finding experienced personnel to train them.
Older people with intellectual disability (ID) often require assistive technology to promote independence in their daily lives. Objective'. To describe the degree of the use of assistive technology and walking aids by older people with ID. Study group: All permanent residents over the age of 50 years living in two different residential care centers in Israel. Methods·. Cross-sectional investigation generating data on: type of assistive devices (e.g., wheel-chair, walker, cane, orthopedic shoes, splint, brace, hearing aid, artificial teeth), mode and reason for use were inspected. Results: The majority of participants (>70%) used orthopedic shoes, and 53% used frame or cane for gait. The overall frequency of outdoor use was much greater than that for indoor use, and most participants (81%) used it more than 50% of all time. Of participants who used a gait aid (walker, cane) (n = 16) the majority (85%-90%) used it appropriately and satisfactory. The main reason for using the assistive device was to improve standing balance, gait stability, and enhancing daily activities and functions. The degree of fitting a hearing aid, eye glasses, and prosthetic/artificial teeth was quite disappointing and altogether, only 20%-35% of the subjects practically used them. Conclusions: Caregivers must not only provide for assistive device needs but also consider a mechanism to ensure that people with ID will be able to access and use the equipment they need to promote independence and quality of life in their daily lives appropriately.
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