Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are based on elementary sensors that detect the occurrence of particular events in a monitored area. Among the recent critical WSN applications one can find the border surveillance applications. The first aim of this class of applications is to monitor a country border and detect the presence of intruders near the border line. In this paper, we investigate theoretically the effects of natural factors on dynamic deployment scheme of a hierarchical WSN-based solution providing two lines of surveillance. Parameters such as the wind effect, the altitude and velocity of the airplane from which the sensors are thrown are put into equation to optimize the area coverage and WSN connectivity. Then, we propose mathematical models that evaluate the quality of connectivity and coverage of the deployed network and allow planning and dimensioning of a border solution.
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are being used for many applications ranging from mobile target surveillance to intelligent home networking. Due to the sensitive nature of the data transmitted by these applications, appropriate protection mechanisms are needed to prevent attackers from exploiting the weaknesses of the radio links. In this paper, we propose a novel group key management scheme called DynTunKey (dynamic tunneling and group key management protocol). This paper investigates the use of secure tunnels as a solution to improve the protection of WSNs. We propose a tunneling scheme that conforms to the security requirements of WSNs while having less computational and network overhead. We also propose a solution for a dynamic integration in the secured communication of a newly deployed sensor. A set of experiments has been conducted to assess the performance of the proposed scheme with regard to recent key management protocol and to traditional tunnels built using the IPSec protocol. We found that our protocol considerably reduces the number of transmitted messages as well as the computational load, which makes it suitable for WSNs. We tested the proposed protocol considering two models of mobility of the targets which are respectively the Random Walk model and the Gauss Markov model.
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