Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a rare angioproliferative tumor whose etiology is associated with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV 8). KS lesions typically involve the skin or mucosal surfaces and are characterized by purplish, red-blue, or brown-black macules, papules, and nodules which are prone to bleeding and ulceration. Definitive diagnosis requires biopsy revealing characteristic angioproliferative features. There are four widely recognized types of KS, which are histologically indistinguishable but differ in epidemiology and prognosis. These include classic, endemic, iatrogenic, and epidemic. KS has been increasingly recognized in a new subgroup of patients: men who have sex with men (MSM) but who are HIV-seronegative human immuodeficiency virus-seronegative and have no identifiable immunodeficiency. This fifth variant of KS, termed nonepidemic KS, resembles classic KS in presentation and prognosis. In this literature review, we report the characteristics of nonepidemic KS based on all published cases and highlight the need for clinicians to recognize this new clinical variant.

Phototherapy is the use of non‐ionizing radiation, primarily in the ultraviolet spectrum, to treat disease. In dermatology, ultraviolet (UV) phototherapy remains an established, lower cost, and often preferred option for many common skin conditions, despite the introduction of newer potent biologics. This article introduces a principal therapeutic modality in the treatment of psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (eczema), vitiligo, and morphea among other diseases where oral manifestations may be present, providing basic information about the use of UVA, UVB, and PUVA. Practical considerations and side effects of phototherapy are described. Phototherapy is an effective treatment for many illnesses and carries a relatively benign side‐effect profile.

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Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by erythematous plaques on extensor surfaces, scalp, and back. Current therapies for psoriasis are limited by route of administration, side effects, and cost. Apremilast is the first oral phosphodiesterase inhibitor approved for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. It is a small molecule inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4, and decreases the inflammatory activity associated with psoriasis. Areas covered: This review will discuss the pharmacology of apremilast, mechanism of action, results from key clinical trials, and its use in managing psoriasis. Currently approved treatments are also discussed. Expert commentary: The advantages of apremilast include convenient oral administration and dosing, a favorable safety and tolerability profile, and significant efficacy in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating chronic disease that leads to inflammation and abscess formation in the involved skin, along with a malodorous discharge. Pain is a considerable aspect of HS and significantly impacts quality of life. In addition, HS is significantly associated with depression. A better understanding of contributing factors to depression and pain in patients with HS can identify opportunities to improve care for patients. Objective: To identify factors that contribute to depression and chronic pain in patients with HS. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of 283 patients seen at dermatology clinics of an academic health center for HS from July 2012 to December 2015. The association between HS and depression and chronic pain was assessed in multivariate models using logistic regression analyses. Results: Patients with a greater number of areas of involvement were more likely to have both chronic pain and depression. Limitations: This is a single-center retrospective chart review with a limited sample size. Conclusion: This study suggests that the extent of disease rather than severity plays a role in reducing the quality of life in HS patients.

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