Diabetes is one of the most significant health issues across the world. People identified with diabetes are more vulnerable to various infections and are at a greater risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. The plant-based food we consume often contains many sterol-based bioactive compounds. It is well documented that these compounds could effectively manage the processes of insulin metabolism and cholesterol regulation. Insulin resistance followed by hyperglycemia often results in oxidative stress level enhancement and increased reactive oxygen species production. At the molecular level, these changes induce apoptosis in pancreatic cells and hence lead to insulin insufficiency. Studies have proved that plant sterols can lower inflammatory and oxidative stress damage connected with DNA repair mechanisms. The effective forms of phyto compounds are polyphenols, terpenoids, and thiols abundant in vegetables, fruits, nuts, and seeds. The available conventional drug-based therapies for the prevention and management of diabetes are time-consuming, costly, and with life-threatening side effects. Thereby, the therapeutic management of diabetes with plant sterols available in our daily diet is highly welcome as there are no side effects. This review intends to offer an overview of the present scenario of the anti-diabetic compounds from food ingredients towards the therapeutic beneficial against diabetes.
Objective
To identify Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and related oncogenic and virulent proteins (CagA and VacA) in patients with gingivitis, periodontitis, oral cancer and gastric cancer.
Methods
Subgingival plaque samples were collected from 90 individuals with either gingivitis/periodontitis (group A, n = 30), oral cancer (group B, n = 30) and gastric cancer (group C, n = 30). H. pylori was identified by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The virulent organisms were detected by identification of proteins CagA and VacA through Enzyme Linked Immuno‐Sorbent Assay (ELISA).
Results
We identified the presence of H. pylori in subgingival plaque samples among a large majority (76/90) of our study cohort. The proportions of CagA and VacA identified among H. pylori individuals with periodontal inflammation and oral cancer were lower than those diagnosed with gastric cancer. Furthermore, the relative risk of oral cancer based on the presence of the organism was no different to those with gingivitis/periodontitis.
Conclusion
The findings of our study do not indicate significant association between the organism and oral cancer, but preludes that the oral cavity could act as a potential niche for H. pylori. The possibility for CagA and VacA proteins to be pathogenic in oral cavity is highly possible and must be researched extensively.
Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) has introduced the new normal in this 21st century. This viral has caused a great infection storm in the recent past affecting more than half of the world population. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes various symptoms from mild to severe. Mortality rate has been reported to be low, mostly associated with pre-existing medical history. Literature also states that mortality was high among those with poor immune surveillance. Based on the duration of symptoms, it has been classified into long COVID-19 and short COVID-19 to combat the outcome of the disease many vaccines were invented worldwide by various pharmaceutical companies and they helped a lot in controlling the severity of the disease. The vaccines effectively reduced the incidence of long COVID-19 and serious symptoms, thereby, reducing the death rate. Although the vaccines were very effective in control of serious complications of the infection, few patients had certain adverse reactions to the vaccines of both types’ whole virus and viral-vector based vaccine. In the present case report, authors would like to document the delayed hypersensitivity reaction in the tongue as a potential Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) postvaccination for SARS-CoV-2 infection in a 48-year-old female patient without any previous history of medical illness or drug allergy. The ADR was effectively controlled with systemic steroids and the symptoms were effectively controlled within a period of few months.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.