Postoperative but not preoperative eating behavior is of predictive value for the extent of weight loss after gastric restriction surgery.

No abstract

Extreme obesity is associated with severe psychiatric and somatic comorbidity and impairment of psychosocial functioning. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment not only with regard to weight loss but also with obesity-associated illnesses. Health-related psychological and psychosocial variables have been increasingly considered as important outcome variables of bariatric surgery. However, the long-term impact of bariatric surgery on psychological and psychosocial functioning is largely unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the course of weight and psychological variables including depression, anxiety, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and self-esteem up to 4 years after obesity surgery.By standardized questionnaires prior to (T1) and 1 year (T2), 2 years (T3), and 4 years (T4) after surgery, 148 patients (47 males (31.8 %), 101 females (68.2 %), mean age 38.8 ± 10.2 years) were assessed.On average, participants lost 24.6 % of their initial weight 1 year after surgery, 25.1 % after 2 years, and 22.3 % after 4 years. Statistical analysis revealed significant improvements in depressive symptoms, physical dimension of quality of life, and self-esteem with peak improvements 1 year after surgery. These improvements were largely maintained. Significant correlations between weight loss and improvements in depression, physical aspects of HRQOL (T2, T3, and T4), and self-esteem (T3) were observed.Corresponding to the considerable weight loss after bariatric surgery, important aspects of mental health improved significantly during the 4-year follow-up period. However, parallel to weight regain, psychological improvements showed a slow but not significant decline over time.

Parallel with a considerable weight loss after bariatric surgery, important aspects of mental health such as depressive symptoms and self-esteem improved significantly. These effects appear 1 year after surgery, but do not seem to change considerably afterwards.

No abstract

No abstract

Given the lacking differences between eating-disordered patients and controls, these findings underline the importance of future research to enhance our understanding of what happens when patients are exposed to external or internal stimuli of media images of the thin ideal. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:708-715).

This study investigates the impact of impulsivity and the mediating role of disinhibited eating behaviour (DEB) on weight and weight trajectories in a large data set including obese non-treatment seeking individuals (obese control, n = 138) and obese individuals who were either receiving a conventional treatment program (n = 227) or bariatric surgery (n = 123). Data was assessed one, 4 and 9 years after baseline including self-reports for impulsivity and DEB. Results suggest a significant association between impulsivity and body mass index, which is partially mediated by DEB. Longitudinally, the influence of impulsivity on the course of weight after 9 years was fully mediated by DEB in obese control but not in the treatment groups. The results indicate an interplay between impulsivity and DEB with respect to obesity. Further research is needed to clarify how the mediation works and when it exerts its effect, in order to identify those that might profit from a specific (impulsivity-reducing) training. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. Impulsivity is understood as a predisposition to act inattentively, fast and without considering possible consequences (Reynolds, Penfold, & Patak, 2008). It is a multifaceted construct reflecting reward-related bottom-up processes or deficient inhibitory top-down control mechanisms (see also Appelhans, 2009;Dawe & Loxton, 2004;Heatherton & Wagner, 2011;Meule, 2013Meule, , 2016. Considered as a stable personality trait, it has been linked to various mental disorders (Moeller, Barratt, Dougherty, Schmitz, & Swann, 2001) as well as to disturbed, uncontrolled eating behaviour (Guss, Kissileff, Devlin, Zimmerli, & Walsh, 2002, Leitch, Morgan, & Yeomans, 2013 and binge eating (Schag, Schönleber, Teufel, Zipfel, & Giel, 2013). Because uncontrolled, disinhibited eating might lead to weight gain, impulsivity is of interest as a risk factor for obesity (e.g. Nederkoorn, Smulders, Havermans, Roefs, & Jansen, 2006).Within the last decade, numerous studies emerged that underline a key role of impulsivity for obesity. Studies applying behavioural tasks to assess response inhibition abilities, decisionmaking paradigms or self-report indicate a positive relation between higher weight and different aspects of impulsivity in both children and adults (Fields, Sabet, Peal, & Reynolds, 2011;Gerlach, Herpertz, & Löber, 2015;Nederkoorn, Braet, Van Eijs, Tanghe, & Jansen, 2006;Rydén et al., 2004;Walther & Hilbert, 2016).In addition, individuals who meet diagnostic criteria for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, a disorder that is clearly associated with high impulsivity, show higher prevalence rates of obesity compared with healthy controls in both children and adults (Cortese et al., 2015;Cortese & Morcillo Peñalver, 2010;de Zwaan et al., 2011;Pagoto et al., 2009). However, there is also contradictory evidence concerning the link between impulsivity and obesity in adults. For example, Nederkoorn et al. (2006) did not find differences in the degree o...