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An assessment of water management in the Flumen District, Central Valley of the Ebro River Basin in Spain, using the remote sensing technique Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) was performed. This assessment was based on the estimation of the actual ET (ET a ) to compute net water volumes (Vn). This work extended the analysis by also computing net irrigation volumes (Vi) by introducing a water application efficiency as a function of morphopedologic units (Ea m ). Two approaches were adopted for SEBAL Vi: a) the crop water demands including months outside the crop season (SEBAL_F1) and b) the crop water demands of the six main crops only in the growing season (SEBAL_F2). The comparison analyses for SEBAL_F1 and SEBAL_F2 Vi show a very good agreement with a bias of 0.09 hm 3 and 0.56 hm 3 , respectively. As a result of an accurate estimation of Vi, the water use efficiency (Ea) for the whole Flumen District was determined to be from 80% to 90%. These are actual figures, thus it is possible to review the current crop and water management, identifying the possible causes for low irrigation efficiency on some plots.

Se presentan los resultados obtenidos al simular la operación de un sistema de presas de generación hidroeléctrica ubicadas en el río Grijalva, con distintas políticas de operación. Con objeto de comparar el efecto de distintas políticas en situaciones de escurrimientos extremos, se generaron registros sintéticos de escurrimientos mensuales para un periodo de 1000 años, utilizando el método de Svanidze modificado (Svanidze, 1980), (Domínguez, et al., 2001). Los resultados permiten observar diferencias significativas en la frecuencia y magnitud de los volúmenes que será necesario derramar, así como en las situaciones de déficit; diferencias que no se manifiestan claramente cuando se simula el comportamiento del sistema utilizando solamente el registro histórico.

An application of Genetic Programming (an evolutionary computational tool) without and with standardization data is presented with the aim of modeling the behavior of the water temperature in a river in terms of meteorological variables that are easily measured, to explore their explanatory power and to emphasize the utility of the standardization of variables in order to reduce the effect of those with large variance. Recorded data corresponding to the water temperature behavior at the Ebro River, Spain, are used as analysis case, showing a performance improvement on the developed model when data are standardized. This improvement is reflected in a reduction of the mean square error. Finally, the models obtained in this document were applied to estimate the water temperature in 2004, in order to provide evidence about their applicability to forecasting purposes.

The study of degradation of indigo carmine in NaCl solutions in a filter-press type FM01-LC reactor using dimensionally stable anodes, DSA (Ti/IrO2/SnO2/Sb2O5), is reported. In the first part, the microelectrolysis study of the DSA electrodes was carried out and subsequently the study of indigo carmine degradation in the FM01-LC reactor at different current densities (50 - 200 A m-2) and Reynolds numbers, Re (93-557), was performed. A complete mineralization of indigo carmine was attained in all experiments except those at low current density (50 A m-2). The participation of chloride and indigo carmine in electrochemical and degradation reactions is discussed in the work on the basis of the experimental data. The results show that the degradation rate increases as function of the Re at high current density (200 A m-2) but becomes independent of the Re at low current density (50 A m-2)