Autopsy studies in predominantly Caucasian populations have suggested that elongated styloid processes occur bilaterally in 75% of cases without a sex prediliction. This is the first anthropometric study of elongated styloid processes in a Caribbean population. A retrospective observational study of all cadaver dissections at the University of the West Indies was performed over three years from January 2006 to January 2009. All dried skulls with styloid process lengths >30mm were studied in detail. Styloid process length and diameter were measured using a standardized caliper technique. There were 5 skulls with elongated styloid processes at a mean length of 4.58cm on the left side (SD +/-1.32; Range 3.2-6.3; Median 4.4; Mode-) and 3.58cm (SD +/-0.33; Range 3.2-4.0; Median 3.55; Mode-) on the right. The skulls were predominantly male (4:1 ratio) at a mean estimated specimen age of 60.4 years (SD +/-6.19; Range 50-65; Median 62; Mode 65). There were features of true elongation (uniformly contoured styloid processes with smooth, thick cortices and a rounded tip) in 4 male skulls while the sole female specimen had features suggestive of secondary ossification of the stylohyoid ligament (irregular surface with thickened segments extending toward the lesser horn of the hyoid bone with marked medial angulation). There may be an association between male sex, Afro-Caribbean descent and a genetic predisposition to true SP elongation. Continued evaluation of a larger study cohort is required before a definitive association can be ascertained.
Introduction: There have been no previous reports on the anatomic variations that exist on inferior surface of the liver in Caribbean populations. This information is important to optimize radiology and hepatobiliary surgical services in the region. Methods: Two investigators independently observed 69 cadaveric dissections over five years and described the variations in surface anatomy. Results: In this population 88% of cadaveric livers had conventional hepatic surface anatomy. However, 12% had accessory sulci present on the visceral surface of the liver, with a 7:1 male preponderance. When present, there was 100% correlation between the presence of Rouvière's sulcus and the right branch of portal pedicle. Conclusion: Abnormal surface anatomy is present in 12% of unselected specimens in this Caribbean population. Interventional radiologists and hepatobiliary surgeons practicing in the Caribbean must be cognizant of these differences in order to minimize morbidity during invasive procedures.
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