This article analyses how the current course of English in Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) in Tribhuvan University has used interdisciplinary approach in teaching English for business communication to would-be business administrators. To prepare the background and methodology of the analysis, the history of such courses in the global context is reviewed and certain parameters are devised based on B.F. Skinner’s theory of language shaping. It is found that the course has maintained the international standard and so is appropriate for aspiring business managers. The integration of language, literature, technical writing skills and business management related contents has made the course useful and difficult to handle at the same time. Active and motivated participants of both the course instructor and the learners is necessary to make the course successful with the achievement of the objectives the curriculum devised.
What is the value of using ethnic culture in literature written in the mainstream language? For whose benefit is it done so? Rajan Mukarung’s latest collection of poems entitled Haataa Jaane Aghillo Raat [The Night Before the Market Day] (2076BS/ AD2019) has shown that it is a strategy of cultural resistance of the marginalized culture against the dominant one. This article is an attempt to show how the marginalized group in a nation can resist the mainstream politics and culture with the use of ethnic culture and deconstruction of the mainstream one in their literary creations. The themes and styles in poetry can show both the representation of the life guided by the subculture and resist the dominance of the next. For this, the theory of cultural resistance developed and used by Michel Foucault, Stuart Hall and Chris Barker has been used. The analysis is based on the interpretation of Mukarung’s poems.
Diaspora is a locale where both the pain and hope work together. The pain of being separated from one’s homeland is compensated with the hope of a better life than that of home back. The creative writings of the diasporas reflect the same dichotomy of pain and hope. This exploratory study on Bhutanese Nepali diasporic poetry displays the same features: the Bhutanese Nepali diasporans have a life full of pain at the loss of their homeland, but they are living with the hope for good life in the days ahead. On the one hand, the trauma they have undergone because of expulsion from their homeland, the experience of being refugees in Nepal for about two decades, and the hardship of transition caused by the third country settlement has been expressed in their poems. On the other hand, their creations show the rays of hope for their life ahead in the host land. They have hopes for a good life, for the preservation of their culture, and real return to Bhutan. In both the themes and styles, many poems simultaneously display both of these aspects of their lives.
This article has discussed how Bhutanese Nepali diasporic poetry has depicted cultural crises of the community settled in Europe, America and Oceania. Twenty one poems composed by Bhutanese Nepali diasporic poets from 2009 to 2019 have been selected through purposive sampling and their content analysis has been conducted with the focus on their themes. The study has found that the Bhutanese Nepali culture has been in crisis in the diaspora. The community is working to preserve it; but many socio-economic conditions do not favour them. They find problems in celebrating their festivals, eating their food, observing the rituals, using language, wearing traditional Nepali dress, and following their work pattern. With these difficulties and being in the minority marginal position in the host land, they find their identity in crisis resulting into emotional insecurity. It is believed that this article will contribute to the study of diasporic culture and the problems of the transnational migrant communities.
This article aims to explore the way Bharati Gautam’s memoir Vigata ra Baduli [Past and Hiccups] (2020) connects the writer with her homeland. Home and homeland are out of some major loci of diasporic life and the discourse. Diasporic writings deal with homeland both as a real place to return and an imaginary reality for those transnational migrants who have no chance of physical return to the place left back. To study the writer’s homeland connection as expressed in the book, this study uses qualitative methodology with its interpretative approach for analysis. The theoretical input is the diasporic discourse related to home and homeland. For the diasporans, homeland is the root of their life, culture, language and in total the life they live in the hostland. The time a diaspora loses its physical, imaginary or emotional connection with the homeland, it stops being a diaspora. Thus, every diasporic writing has some kind of homeland connection. The study finds that Gautam’s memoirs deal with her love and respect for the root. These feelings are expressed through her nostalgia, symbols and culture she follows in the USA. Similarly, her own and her children’s critical thoughts on Nepal and Nepali socio-cultural praxis also highlight their connection with the homeland. It is hoped that this study is useful to find how Nepali Diaspora connects itself with Nepal. It may encourage the researchers to work in this field.
This article analyses the planning, process and application of Patterns for College Writing: A rhetorical reader and guide that has been prescribed as a textbook for BBS first year English course in Tribhuvan University Nepal since 2019. The analysis focuses on two aspects of the textbook: the making of the textbook to facilitate the students’ writing in the classroom and the practical outcome of the application of the textbook in real classroom setting. The first aspect concentrates on the textbook itself, whereas the second one is on a survey among the instructor of the same textbook. The analysis of the textbook shows that the course is well structured and so is useful for the writing class in the college level. But the survey has indicated the mismatch between the process designed in the book and its real application in the classroom. Some good practices have indicated that if the academic institutions, instructors and students work honestly for the students’ skill development, this textbook can be a good guide for developing an international level writing skill of students in Nepal.
Are the people of Nepali origin who are born in India and live there transnational? This is a piercing question in transnational discourses in Nepal and India these days. But its answer is clear once we take the help of the concept of transnationalism: they are transnational Nepalis living in India. This reality is further clarified with the studies on Indra Bahadur Rai’s short stories. Almost all the characters in his stories are the people of Nepali origin living in Darjeeling. They are unhappy there and always behave like the temporary residents of the place. Most of his stories deal with the life of these people in relation with their search for the origin and related physical and psychological journeys. Even the images, symbols and settings used in the stories connect themselves with the idea of journey and the problems of settlements. This article deals with the same aspects of his collection of stories entitled Pratinidhi Kathaa [Representative Stories]. The stories are analyzed with the help of interpretive methodology and use of Steven Vertovec and Jenine Dahinden’s ideas of transnationalism. John McLeod, Rebecca L. Walkowitz, Roland Végső and Winfried Fluck’s ideas of transnational literature are used as the basic concepts in analysis.
Where is the home of Nepali diasporans? Is Nepal still their home? The recent theory of diaspora questions the traditional notions of home and homeland. Their place has been taken by the discourse of ‘homing desire’ that is the desire to make a home in the host land. Such a home has the quality of both of the homes that is the home they have left behind and the standard home they see in the host land. In Nepali Diaspora, too, such a theme has crept into literary creations. In this article Hari Ghimire’s poem “Diaspora” has been analysed so as to see how it depicts the development of ‘homing desire’ and its fulfilment. The speaker of the poem, in the beginning, expresses his desire to home, i.e. feel comfortable, himself in the diaspora. Later he is happy because of the fulfilment of the desire. This analysis is primarily based on Avtar Brah’s theory of ‘homing desire’. The insights of Salman Rushdie’s idea of ‘imaginary homeland’ and Sara Ahmed’s concept of home in the globalized time have been used to support and extend Brah’s theoretical stand. It is hoped that this article will encourage further discourse on ‘homing desire’ in the study of Nepali Diaspora and its literature.
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