Diversos estudios han demostrado las ventajas del uso de leguminosas asociadas con gramíneas en el crecimiento de los cultivos en regiones tropicales. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de abonos verdes con dos sistemas de siembra y sistemas de labranza sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo del frijol. El experimento se realizó en un diseño de bloques al azar, con 16 tratamientos y cuatro repeticones. Los abonos verdes fueron cortados y dejados en la superficie del suelo a los 60 días después de la siembra y el frijol sembrado en sucesión a los 30 días despúes de este manejo. Se evaluó el crecimiento del tallo a los 25, 35, 45 y 55 días después de la siembra y el rendimiento en el momento de cosecha. La mucuna y el frijol de puerco presentaron mayor altura y diámetro del tallo. Las plantas de frijol alcanzaron un mayor crecimiento con las leguminosas asociadas con mijo y en el manejo del suelo con la siembra directa a los 45 días después de la siembra. El rendimiento agrícola no mostró diferencias significativas para los tratamientos, los valores oscilaron entre 3,3 y 4,4 Mg ha-1 .
One of the serious problems that occur in any productive or operational system is the lack of culture of prevention and safety at work, resulting in occupational accidents that cause serious injuries or even death. This article presents the case of workers from the Drinking Water Company in the area of construction and maintenance of sewage networks. Its objective was to determine the need for training and the design of andragogic methods to strengthen the culture of prevention. This work is an exploratory type research, in which the inductive method of investigation was used. In order to know about Occupational Health and Safety, and the use of safe work rules and procedures, a diagnosis was made, by means of various information gathering techniques, including job analysis. As a result, the establishment of the degree of knowledge and the shortcomings of training were obtained, allowing the production of appropriate themes with the use of andragogic training models which directly imply the establishment of a preventive culture.
Objective: To evaluate the soil cover with corn-neem biomass for the Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) management in the INIAP H601 corn hybrid, at Pechiche, Los Ríos, Ecuador. Design/Methodology/Approach: Two treatments were evaluated: 1) a treatment using corn-neem soil cover at 2.0 t ha-1 before sowing, plus two foliar applications, 10 and 20 days after sowing; 2) a control treatment without soil cover, in a completely randomized design. The variables evaluated were the percentage of corn plants with 1st to 3rd degree damage and 4th to 5th degree damage (30 days after sowing), Leaf Area Index (LAI), and agricultural yield. Results: Under field conditions, both treatments had no significative differences in the 1st to 3rd degrees damages (69.0% impact). However, there were significative differences in the 4th to 5th degree damages (31.0 %) in the control and the soil cover (15.0 %). Additionally, LAI and dry grain yield were higher. There was a linear but inverse relationship regarding LAI and yield in plants with 4th to 5th degree damage. Limitations/Implications: The availability of neem tree biomass could be a limitation, if this technology is applied to larger land areas. Findings/Conclusions: Corn-neem soil cover plus a foliar application decreased the Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) impact and increased LAI and agricultural yield.
Tobacco production is a key line in the Cuban economy and generates the largest income in the agricultural sector. Within phytopathogens affecting this plant, Fusarium spp., constitutes a pest of interest, due to vascular involvements that cause deterioration of the commercial value of the leaf. Therefore, the research was carried out with the aim of determining the antagonistic activity in vitro of native strains of Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride on isolates of Fusarium oxysporum and F. phyllophylum, from Nicotiana tabacum L. in Granma province, Cuba. The work was carried out at the Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, University of Granma. Half dextrose potato agar was prepared to establish the dual crops of Trichoderma spp. vs. Fusarium spp. Once the treatments were established and the incubation time had elapsed, the percentage inhibition of mycelial growth, antagonistic capacity and mycoparasitic activity was determined. A fully randomized design with four replicas per treatment was used and a two factorial ANOVA and Tukey test (p≤0.05) were used for statistical processing. It was shown that the strains of Trichoderma spp., recorded intermediate values of phytopathogenic inhibition, the competitiveness of the antagonist was mostly located in class two of the Bell scale and it was found that penetration, winding, vacuolization, deformation and granulation constitute the main forms of mycoparasitism. Which points to this biocontrol method as an alternative to consider for the management of Fusarium spp., in tobacco agroecosystems.
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