Nanomaterials have been extensively studied for heavy metal ions and dye removals from wastewater. This article reviews the role of nanomaterials as effective adsorbents for wastewater purification. In recent years, numerous novel nanomaterial adsorbents have been developed for enhancing the efficiency and adsorption capacities of removing contaminants from wastewater. The innovation, forthcoming development, and challenges of cost-effective and environmentally acceptable nanomaterials for water purification are discussed and reviewed in this article. This review concludes that nanomaterials have many unique morphological and structural properties that qualify them to be used as effective adsorbents to solve several environmental problems. Graphical Abstract& Hamidreza Sadegh

Removal of noxious materials such as heavy metal ions (which are hazardous above certain ppm concentration) from wastewater is one of the biggest environmental challenges that suffers the Downloaded by [New York University] at 19:39 22 June 2015 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2 economy nowadays. On the basis of their versatility, environmental friendliness, the adsorption was proved to be a most economical and efficient technology, which is used extensively for their removal from the aqueous media. Among the various developed adsorbents used so far, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) show a unique impact on the fast adsorption and rapid removal of noxious impurities from the aqueous source. CNTs festooned on the sources like activated carbon, nanoparticles and nanocomposities enhanced the efficiency and potential of the adsorbent. Due to their unique structural, electronic, optoelectronic, semiconductor, as well as mechanical, chemical and physical properties, they have been extensively used to remove heavy metals in wastewater treatment. The adsorption mechanisms is majorly contributed by the chemical interactions between the metal ions and the functional groups present on the surface of the CNTs.Greater the surface area more will be the number of reducing groups hence more attributable to better CNT sorption performances.Graphical Abstract: schematic for interaction of carbon nanotube with heavy metal ions in aqueous solution

Rapid removal of noxious synthetic dyes from wastewater is of great concern in the scientific research field, this is due to the expansion of harmful effects of synthetic dyes traces in water streams on the environment and human health with the exponential rise in concentration of synthetic dye globally and demand in various industries that coincided with the implantation of more stringent water quality standards. Various technologies have been applied for the removal of synthetic dye from wastewater, including adsorption technology, which has a great potential in treating varieties of synthetic dyes. This article comprehensively reviews the latest progress in the development of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their applications for the removal of synthetic dyes from wastewater, including functionalized of CNTs and their researched counterparts. The emerging trends in the development of alternative adsorbents with different substrates, morphologies, and functional groups are also elucidated.

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Magnetic nanoparticles iron oxide with average sizes of 6 nm were synthesized by a chemical coprecipitation method from mixtures of FeCl 2 Á4H 2 O and FeCl 3-6H 2 O. For preparation, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTS) with outer diameter of 50 nm, wall thickness from 1 to 2 nm and length from 500-2,000 nm were used. Characterization of the MWCNT-Fe 3 O 4 by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and magnetic characterization was conducted on a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM).

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