Color selection has always been a classic problem in exterior color design for the simple reason that façade color is commonly chosen at the architect's office, regardless of different external conditions affecting color perception. This issue often leads to an apparent discrepancy between the selected color and the perceived color of façade. So far, extensive research has been carried out to identify, classify, and study the influence of these conditions on perceived color. However, little attention has been paid to the importance of color attributes. Hence, this article attempts to grasp better the significance of chromaticness, as briefly discussed in earlier studies, in the variation pattern of perceived color while daylight condition differs. In order to determine perceived color, each test subject was asked to compare the color seen on the façade to the standard color samples of natural color system index and choose the matching one, using a designed color‐measuring device. The results obtained from 93 participants demonstrate 3 things: First, they further support the belief that perceived color is influenced in both hue and nuance under varied daylight circumstances. Second, they confirm previous findings that indicated chromaticness would affect the extent of color shifts. And above all, a comparison of the results reveals that façade colors of higher chromaticness values have had less shifts in hue, yet greater shifts in whiteness. Finally, the findings suggest that chromaticness together with the external conditions, under which the color is to be seen, should be carefully considered when selecting the façade color.
This study explores the relationship between daylight exposure in urban residential units and the mood/happiness of nonworking female residents (housewives) in Isfahan, Iran. A growing body of evidence points to the physiological and psychological benefits of daylight, yet few studies have focused on the relationship between residential daylight and women's mental health. A cross‐sectional study was conducted using two‐stage random cluster sampling of nonworking female occupants of buildings in four residential districts. Mood/happiness was determined using the Oxford Happiness Inventory and the Fordyce Happiness Inventory. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the variables. A significant relationship was found between residents’ happiness and the amount of daylight in their residential units (Oxford Inventory, r = 0.68, P < 0.05; Fordyce Inventory, r = 0.53, P < 0.05). The findings suggest that features of physical residential environments, such as daylight, may be linked to the happiness of housewives. Persons belonging to various demographic groups who spend the majority of their time indoors (e.g., housewives, children, elderly individuals, and people with disabilities) are most dependent on architecture and environmental design for their well‐being, and therefore, are most affected by design decisions.
Introduction:What is neglected by designers and even users in today's housing, especially apartment housing in Iranian cities, are various aspects of physical comfort, including sound comfort. Noise is defined as unwanted noise. In other words, extra noise is an annoyance in the living and working environment. This ambient noise should be controlled as much as possible and reduced to an acceptable level because high noise levels are annoying and have countless harmful effects. Methodology: For this purpose, the present article, with emphasis on the field method, tries to investigate the pathology of spatial arrangement and its effect on the category of acoustic comfort. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The tools and methods used in this research have been library and field research. The field studies section was carried out by the 2260 device manufactured by the Danish company B&K, using the booklets published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). For this purpose, 9 case samples from different areas of Tabriz have been selected as case studies. According to the appropriate distribution of case studies in the urban context, selection criteria were selected according to the proper allocation of case studies. It should also be noted that apartment units are rarely seen in the city of Tabriz, in the northern areas and overlooking the Pasdaran Highway, due to the worn texture and the emergence of marginalization. In each case, points related to spatial arrangement and zoning were classified into separate categories. Results: According to the background sound diagrams, the average background sound status taken from the bedrooms is better than the intermediate background sound level in the living room and dining room. It is considered that this issue indicates the correctness of space deployments relative to each other in the face of external nuisance noise. Conclusion:The outputs from the graphs of the average sound pressure level in the first category (location of the service area next to the bedrooms) are in a completely chaotic state compared to the second category, where the toilets and kitchens are farther away from the bedrooms. The conclusion section is discussed in detail. The reason for this is that the disturbing noise produced in the field of services is not only during the day but also around the clock and is of the type of excretion that the residents do not expect or accept such noise. Also, in terms of annoyance index, results show that the noise from the toilets and kitchens has been significantly affected in other neighborhood units. And it disturbs the sound comfort of the residents at night when the background noise is generally low.
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