CT and its comprehensive usage have become one of the most indispensable components in medical field especially in the diagnosis of several diseases. SECT and DECT have developed CT diagnostic potentials in several means. In this review article we have discussed the basic principles of single-energy and dual-energy computed tomography and their important physical differences which can cause better diagnostic evaluation. Moreover, different organs diagnostic evaluations through single-energy and dual-energy computed tomography have been discussed. Conventional or single-energy CT (SECT) uses a single polychromatic X-ray beam (ranging from 70 to 140 kVp with a standard of 120 kVp) emitted from a single source and received by a single detector. The concept of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) is almost as old as the CT technology itself; DECT initially required substantially higher radiation doses (nearly two times higher than those employed in single-energy CT) and presented problems associated with spatial misregistration of the two different kV image datasets between the two separate acquisitions. The basic principles of single-energy and dual-energy computed tomography and their important physical differences can cause better diagnostic evaluation. Moreover, different organs diagnostic evaluations through single-energy and dual-energy computed tomography have been discussed. According to diverse data and statistics it is controversial to definitely indicate the accurate comparison of image quality and dose amount.
Health assessment data assists the well-being and patient care teams' process in drawing up a care and assistance plan and comprehending the requirements of the patient. Comprehensive and precise data about the Quality of Life of cancer patients play a significant part in the development and organization of cancer patient care. Quality of Life has been used to mean a variety of various things, such as health situation, physical function, symptoms, psychosocial modification, well-being, enjoyment of life, and happiness. Chronic diseases such as cancer are among the disorders that severely affect people's health and consequently their Quality of Life. Cancer patients experience a range of symptoms, including pain and various physical and mental conditions that negatively affect their Quality of Life. In this article, we examined cancer and the impact that this disease can have on the Quality of Life of cancer patients. The cancers examined in this article include head and neck, prostate, breast, lung, and skin cancers. We also discussed health assessment and the importance and purpose of studying patients' Quality of Life, especially cancer patients. The various signs and symptoms of the disease that affect the Quality of Life of patients were also reviewed.
Background: Although research into the content of instrumental lessons is limited, that which is available seems to point to the predominance of technique, notation, and repertoire as the main ingredients for lessons. Method: In this paper, Carl Czerny's approach to preparatory practices and training notes and five-finger training, more than one octave practices as well as the addition of bass clef in the left hand, addition of accidental and practices in easy scales and rhythmic practices and addition of rests in Etude Opus 599 have been investigated by descriptive, analytical, and experimental study. Result: Considering the weaknesses in playing techniques and the importance of the tonic etude, the focus of this paper is to identify the strengths and weaknesses of this etude for students and teachers. Studies have been conducted. Some of the issues raised in this etude are the age groups that can use this etude or whether there is a need for a prerequisite for hitting this etude. Or do you need to offer other practices to the student alongside this etude? In this article, we have responded to these problems. Conclusion: The quarter and eighth notes, then the addition of the combined meters as well as the triolé-eighth notes go ahead and are used in the lessons ahead of the tri-laeighth and trill sixteenth as well as a variety of rigorous. Finally, it is recommended that mechanical practices for hand rotation and speed practices and ornament notes and step-by-step practices be used for the student to facilitate the implementation of these etudes for students, as well as these practices are suitable for all ages that reach the intellectual and physical maturity necessary to perform these etudes.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with its different symptoms has been widespread throughout the world for about two years and it has brought many deaths in different countries. Although the disease has been reported to target lung tissue as the first option but it can also cause damages in the heart and other tissues of the body. Many researches have been done on how to control and manage this pandemic to prevent further spread of this virus. There is always a percentage chance of error with RT-PCR test, when identifying the COVID-19, which was used as the first method of diagnosing the disease. In emergencies, low sensitivity of RT-PCR could lead to misdiagnosis of this virus. So, different imaging modalities can provide aid to detect the virus more precisely. So far, Radiology imaging especially Chest CT has played an important role in the process of recognizing the disease and in many cases, it has rushed to the aid of the healthcare staff for determining the stages and controlling of the disease. Although a number of countries have made good progress in the field of vaccines, it is very important for staff to know the advantages and disadvantages of each imaging modality in the disease assessment procedures, so that they can use them wisely to accelerate the elimination process of the disease. With this approach, this paper is an overview of various capabilities of different imaging modalities in the field of better management of SARS-CoV-2 disease.
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