The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different musical rhythms on taekwondo athletes. The variance in athletes’ anaerobic abilities performed under slow and fast musical rhythms was tested in the study presented. Previous studies have demonstrated how music may cause physiological responses before, during, or after different types of exercises. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of music played in two different rhythms (slow 80 b/m, and fast 200 b/m) during anaerobic exercises by measuring four specific physiological variables: heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), blood lactate (BL), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Additionally, the peak power of each athlete was assessed. Ten black-belt taekwondo male athletes (average age 20.38±1.51) performed for 30 seconds at their maximum anaerobic power on a Monarch Ergonomic that was connected to the Wingate test. The RPE indicated significant differences with a probability value of 0.014 when measured two minutes after the testing. Measurements of heart rate, blood lactate, and diastolic blood pressure after exposure to slow and fast rhythms did not show significant differences. While it has been shown in previous research that the human body tends to synchronize with rhythmic elements of music, this only holds true for exposure to specific rhythms after a longer period of time. The study conducted was based on exposure to different rhythms for only 30 seconds, which may be why these variables did not differ significantly. Yet, results for systolic blood pressure proved significantly different for fast and slow musical rhythms with a probability value of 0.0004. 

This study aimed to identify the level of neuromuscular coordination among the hearing impaired in Jordan and to identify differences in levels of neuromuscular coordination of the hearing impaired according to the variables of health status and gender. The descriptive method was used for its suitability to the nature of the study and its objectives. The sample population consisted of 159 individuals from different schools who were asked to participate voluntarily (72 with hearing impairments and 87 healthy). To measure neuromuscular coordination, the researchers used a test that measured hand-eye coordination (the steadiness tester) made by Lafayette Instrument, model 32011. They analyzed the results of the study using standard deviation and t-tests. The results of the study showed statistically significant differences between the level of neuromuscular coordination of males and female and this was shown by the presence of statistical significance which was (p = 0.000) in the smallest hole (0.0625 inch). The results also showed that individuals with hearing impairments have superior neuromuscular coordination to healthy individuals. The study's main findings are that neuromuscular coordination of the hearing impaired is superior to that of healthy people; and that the neuromuscular coordination of females is superior to that of males. The researchers recommended employing the skills of the hearing impaired in sports requiring neuromuscular coordination (e.g. archery, darts, and billiards) because of the superior coordination of these individuals. They also recommended that gender differences be taken into account when designing training programs that depend on coordination and focus on motor skills.

Précis: High intensity aerobic exercise significantly reduced intraocular pressure in healthy young male adults. Objective: This study sought to determine how aerobic exercise at various intensities affects intraocular pressure (IOP) in young adults. Design: A repeated measures design was adopted. Participants: A group of 20 volunteers (mean age: 21.24±1.73 y) took part in this study. Methods: IOP was measured with a tonometer (iCare TA01i, Icare Finland, Finland). Subjects completed 4 cycle ergometer sessions. During the first session, power was increased by 60 W every 3 minutes until exhaustion, corresponding to peak power. For the 3 following tests, each lasting 25 minutes, subjects exercised at intensities of 50%, 70%, and 85% of peak power, respectively, and measurements were taken every 5 minutes. Main Outcome Measures: IOP, as determined using a tonometer, was the primary measure. Results: There was a significant reduction (P<0.05) in IOP of both eyes during the 25 minutes high-intensity (85%) exercise test. There were also significant interactions between exercise durations and intensities. During high-intensity exercise, IOP, blood pressure, blood lactate, and the rating of perceived exertion were significantly related (P<0.01). Conclusions: These data show a significant reduction in IOP at high-intensity aerobic exercise, which may have implications for the management of ocular health.

: This study aims to categorize the adaptation strategies of Muslim athletes who fast during Ramadan and proposes a self-coping strategy questionnaire as a complementary assessment tool. A total of 109 Jordanian Muslim athletes (mean age 20.0 ± 8.5 years) were surveyed by completing a self-coping questionnaire designed to classify an individual athlete’s level of adaptation. This study was conducted during the month of Ramadan 2019 and developed based on the training, nutritional, psychological, self-control, and recovery dimensions. Seventy percent of athletes found that they developed good or very good coping mechanisms. Coping strategies vary from one dimension to another, but in general, athletes often had a positive perceived coping. Athletes expressed that they are shifting the training hours with a preference for quality training rather than quantity and associated with a longer rest time. In addition, they were in favor of food hygiene associated with a strategy of sharing meals and providing water. The majority (59%) of the athletes said they were psychologically prepared for the potential effects of fasting. This research shows that athletes develop self-adjusting strategies to counter the effects of fasting. The questionnaire on the self-coping strategies provides important and precise information on the level of coping achieved by the athletes.