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Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) with UV irradiation and photocatalyst titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) are gaining growing acceptance as an effective wastewater treatment method. A comprehensive review of the UV-TiO 2 photocatalytic oxidation process was conducted with an insight into the mechanism involved, catalyst TiO 2 , irradiation sources, types of reactors, comparison between effective modes of TiO 2 application as immobilized on surface or as suspension, and photocatalytic hybrid membrane system. Photocatalytic degradation technique with titanium dioxide is generally applied for treating wastewater containing organic contaminants due to its ability to achieve complete mineralization of the organic contaminants under mild conditions such as ambient temperature and ambient pressure. Recently, photocatalysis studies using TiO 2 have been gaining attention for the degradation of persistent organic pollutants and other organic chemicals which are known to be endocrine disruptors. Treatment of wastewater in a titanium dioxide-suspended slurry reactor has been widely utilized due to its simplicity and enhanced degradation efficiency. However, this system requires separation of TiO 2 from water after the photocatalytic process. The final section of the manuscript focuses on the removal of TiO 2 using a membrane hybrid system. A two-stage coagulation and sedimentation process coupled with microfiltration hollow-fibre membrane process was found to achieve complete removal of TiO 2 , and the recovered TiO 2 can be reused for a photocatalytic process after regeneration.

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