The throat lozenegs are most commonly used first line of treatment for relief of various throat infections. The most common ingredient used in the lozenegs are various herbal extracts and essential oil having local action of throat area. in the present studies a essential oil based lozenges were prepared using eucalyptus oil and menthol as active ingredient. Antibacterial activity was evaluated for menthol and eucalyptus oil against human pathogens E.coli and S.aureus. both the sugar based and sugar free base was used to develop two types of lozenges formulation. Quality parameters were evaluated for lozenges formulations such as hardness, friability, dissolving time, and moisture content. Compatibility study was carried out using thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography analysis. The eucalyptus oil and menthol displayed moderate antibacterial activity against E.coli and S.aureus. The lozenges were found to be having satisfactory quality parameters. GC and TLC analysis was found to be a suitable method for identification of menthol and eucalyptus oil in the lozenges. TLC was found to be a simple, quick and simple technique for rapid identification of the essential oil and to confirm the batch-to-batch consistency. 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR was found to be useful tool for rapid identification of essential oils on basis of diagonostic peaks. Overall this study can be used for standard methods for quality control of the essential lozeneges formulation for the new formulation and product available in the market as well.
Over the past decades major focus has been given towards innovative drug delivery systems and new dosage forms. This is due to highly expensive process and high attrition rates of existing marketed drugs. Hard-boiled lozenges (HBLs) are one of the solid dosage form designed to release the drug in saliva for either local or systemic effects. Typical application of lozenegs includes throat infection, pharyngitis, cough suppressant, nasal-decongestant, expectorants, and smoking cessation. The drug delivery through the hard-boiled candies has an easy marketing advantage due to its attractive appearance and patient compliance. As a part of the drug is absosrbed into systemic circulation, gastrointestinal degradation and fast pass effects are avoided. Further, drug delivery through hard-boiled lozenges can be potential platform for some of the suitable drug candidates. This review on hard-boiled lozenges discusses manufacturing process, characterization techniques, quality control, research studies and market potential of hard-boiled lozenges. The major databases searched were, PubMed, Wiley Online, Medline, Elsevier, Google scholar, Scopus, ACS, The Royal Society of Chemistry, SciFinder, Baidu Scholars, CNKI, web of science, Cochrane database, US Patents, Espacenet and various business reviews. This review provides comprehensive information on hard-boiled lozenges that will help the pharmaceutical scientist from academia as well pharmaceutical industry to leverage the potential of this conventional dosage form for various herbal drugs and other pharmaceutical actives.
The Ayurvedic medicines are having great therapeutic application due to their natural holistic way of treatment of the disease. To ensure the effectiveness of the medicine standardization of the drug essential. Ayurvedic tailam is an important group of formulations used for treatment of various types of diseases. The principle of using tailam is better absorption of active ingredients by skin when applied through a lipophilic vehicle like vegetable oils. Marichadi Tailam is a herbal oil used for treatment of skin diseases such as eczema and dermatitis. In the present study, an attempt was made to develop and validate a HPTLC method for quantitative determination piperine in the Marichadi coconut oil and its standardization. The HTPLC separation was performed on precoated silica gel 60 F254 aluminum plate (10 × 10cm, 250μm thickness) using toluene:ethyl acetate:diethyl amine (7:2:1) as a mobile phase. The detection and quantification was performed at 340nm. The formulation contains 2.35% of piperine. Linearity studies indicated piperine in the linear ranges, while recovery studies revealed 99.32% (w/w) of piperine. The developed HPTLC method resolved and quantified piperine effectively, so it could be used as a simple reliable method for QC of polyherbal formulations.
Objective: The objective of the study was to carry out the phytochemical profiling of essential oils (EOs) and evaluation of their anti-microbial activity. Methods: The EOs extracted from Cumminum cyminum, Zingiber officinale, Trachyspermum ammi, Alipnia galanga, Cedrus deodara, and Elettaria cardamomum using clavenger apparatus. Phytochemical analysis and high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting were carried out for the EO. The antibacterial and antifungal activity were evaluated using agar well-diffusion method against two bacterial strains, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and two fungal strains, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus brasiliensis. Positive controls ciprofloxacin-30 mg, azithromycin-15 mg, and nystatin NS-50 mg were used. Antioxidant potential of the EOs was investigated by TLC-bioautography method using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl derivatization. Results: The phytochemical analysis reveals presence of various phytochemical such as steroids, terpenoids, and phenylpropanoids. The HPTLC fingerprint is found to be unique for each of the oil. The EO of Z. officinale and T. ammi showed strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus. The EOs of C. cyminum, Tachyspermum ommi and A. galanga displayed prominent antioxidant activity on TLC bioautography. The herbs Cuminum cynimun, T. ammi, C. deodara, and Ellateria cardamomum produce reasonable amount of essentials oil, which can be explored for useful their industrial applications. Conclusions: These EOs can be explored further for their antimicrobial activity. The HPTLC analysis along with derivatization with suitable chromogenic reagents can be a rapid and simple tool for quality control of various EOs.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.