A novel ocular microdialysis-perfusion technique was developed that allowed for the continuous sampling of the vitreous humor for drug. The technique produced accurate and rapid vitreous drug concentration time profiles with a resolution of 20 minutes on the time axis. The vitreous elimination of ganciclovir (GCV) and acyclovir (ACV) was extremely rapid, having vitreous half lives of 2.62 and 2.98 hours, respectively, and a transretinal mechanism of clearance was established for these compounds. Further, it was shown that the compounds do not exhibit saturation kinetics over the dosage ranges used in the clinical setting. Ocular pigmentation had a dramatic effect on the vitreous pharmacokinetics of GCV and ACV. The rate of elimination of GCV and ACV from the vitreous of the pigmented rabbit was much slower than the elimination from the albino rabbit (t 1/2 = 5.59 vs. 2.62 for GCV and 8.63 vs. 2.98 for ACV). The mean residence time of GCV was 2 times greater in the pigmented rabbit than in the albino rabbit and 3 times greater for ACV. Further, the volumes of distribution increased by 3.5 fold for GCV and 6.2 fold for ACV, respectively.

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Abstract:The enormous growth in the penetration of electric vehicles (EVs), has laid the path to advancements in the charging infrastructure. Connectivity between charging stations is an essential prerequisite for future EV adoption to alleviate user's "range anxiety". The existing charging stations fail to adopt power provision, allocation and scheduling management. To improve the existing charging infrastructure, data based on real-time information and availability of reserves at charging stations could be uploaded to the users to help them locate the nearest charging station for an EV. This research article focuses on an a interactive user application developed through SQL and PHP platform to allocate the charging slots based on estimated battery parameters, which uses data communication with charging stations to receive the slot availability information. The proposed server-based real-time forecast charging infrastructure avoids waiting times and its scheduling management efficiently prevents the EV from halting on the road due to battery drain out. The proposed model is implemented using a low-cost microcontroller and the system etiquette tested.

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