Apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death that plays a key role in both healthy and pathological conditions, releases extracellular vesicles such as apoptotic bodies and microvesicles, but exosome release due to apoptosis is not yet commonly accepted. Here, the reports demonstrating the presence of apoptotic exosomes and their roles in inflammation and immune responses are summarized, together with a general summary of apoptosis and extracellular vesicles. In conclusion, apoptosis is not just a 'silent' type of cell death but an active form of communication from dying cells to live cells through exosomes.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Amorphous nickel tungsten tetraoxide (NiWO 4 ) nanostructures (NSs) were successfully synthesized on a flexible conductive fabric (CF) using a facile onestep electrochemical deposition (ED) method. With an applied external cathodic voltage (-1.8 V for 15 min), the amorphous NiWO 4 NSs with burl-like morphologies adhered well on the seed-coated CF substrate. The burl-like amorphous NiWO 4 NSs on CF (NiWO 4 NSs/CF) are employed as a flexible and binder-free electrode for pseudocapacitors, which exhibit remarkable electrochemical properties with high specific capacitance (1,190.2 F/g at 2 A/g), excellent cyclic stability (92% at 10 A/g), and good rate capability (765.7 F/g at 20 A/g) in 1 M KOH electrolyte solution. The superior electrochemical properties can be ascribed to the hierarchical structure and large specific surface area of the burl-like amorphous NiWO 4 NSs/CF. This cost-effective facile method for the synthesis of metal tungsten tetraoxide nanomaterials on a flexible CF could be promising for advanced electronic and energy storage device applications.