subjects And methodsThis study was conducted among 125 infants and children in the outpatient department of our institution for a period of 1-year from September 2013 to August 2014. Neonates with high-risk factors, children with delayed speech and language development and those who did not respond to sound were included for the study. Risk factors considered• Consanguineous marriage of parents • Family history of deafness • Birth asphyxia Aims: To evaluate the hearing threshold and find the incidence of hearing loss in infants and children belonging to high-risk category and analyze the common risk factors. Subjects and Methods: Totally, 125 infants and children belonging to high-risk category were subjected to brainstem evoked response audiometry. Clicks were given at the rate of 11.1 clicks/s. Totally, 2000 responses were averaged. The intensity at which wave V just disappears was established as hearing the threshold. Degree of impairment and risk factors were analyzed. Results: Totally, 44 (35.2%) were found to have sensorineural hearing loss. Totally, 30 children with hearing loss (68%) belonged to age group 1-5 years. Consanguineous marriage was the most commonly associated risk factor. Majority (34) had profound hearing loss. Conclusion: Newborn screening is mandatory to identify hearing loss in the prelinguistic period to reduce the burden of handicap in the community. The need of the hour is health education and genetic counseling to decrease the hereditary hearing loss, as hearing impairment due to perinatal factors has reduced due to recent medical advancements. AbstrActHow to cite this article: Thirunavukarasu R, Balasubramaniam GK, Kalyanasundaram RB, Narendran G, Sridhar S. A study of brainstem evoked response audiometry in high-risk infants and children under 10 years of age. Indian J Otol 2015;21:134-7.

Aim: To assess the hearing status of the study subjects in terms of degree and type of hearing loss, and establish the burden of this disability in the society. Materials and methods: This is a prospective study conducted in patients who attend our OPD. After an otorhinolaryngeal examination, all the patients were subjected to pure tone audiometry using MAICA-MA52 audiometer. Results: Our study comprises 1012 males (64%) and 563 females (36%). Out of this, about 15% have conductive deafness and 42% have sensorineural hearing loss. About 29% suffer from mild hearing loss, 26% moderate and 11% severe hearing loss. The alarming information is that about 5% have total hearing loss of Sudden Sensorineural type (SSNHL). Conclusion: Pure tone audiometry is cost effective and easy to perform. Early diagnosis and timely intervention will reduce the morbidity of deafness in our country. Hence it is necessary to identify and treat sudden sensorineural hearing loss and noise induced hearing loss at an early stage.

Fungal infection usually involves the paranasal sinuses. This is a rare case of fungal mass in concha bullosa. A 19-year-old immunocompetent female patient presented with nasal obstruction. Anterior rhinoscopy revealed enlarged middle turbinate on left side. CT showed heterogenous opacity and enlargement of left middle turbinate. Intraoperatively, middle turbinate was found to be filled with cheesy material which was culture positive for Aspergillus fumigatus.

Malignancy of otorhinolaryngeal region is the 6 th common malignancy worldwide and nowadays the incidence is increasing in developing countries like India. This malignancy contributes to 23% of male and 6% of female population of India [1]. Malignancies included in this study are those of oralcavity, oropharynx, nasopharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, thyroid, nose, paranasal sinuses and salivary gland tumors. This study was conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Thanjavur Medical College, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu India, over a period of 2 years from August 2013 to February 2015. Histopathologically confirmed cases alone were taken for this study. In our study the laryngeal and hypopharyngeal malignancies outnumber the other regions. Males are more commonly affected and the age group of around 40 -50 years is more commonly involved. Smoking and alcohol intake plays a major etiological factor. Cancer awareness programmes and health education regarding risk factors can help to reduce the incidence of malignancies in our Thanjavur delta region.

Pyocele of maxillary sinus occurs unusually, when its mucocele content gets secondarily infected. Most of the pyocele occupies the frontal and anterior ethmoid sinus involving the frontal-ethmoidal complex expanding into the orbit leading to ocular disorders. Maxillary sinus presentation is rare, and our patient had a well defined loculated pyocele in her right maxillary sinus that we suspected with radiological images and was confirmed by needle aspiration under endoscopic guidance to the pyocele sac. Here we would like to describe more in detail about the nature of the mucopyocele in paranasal sinuses, its presentation and various surgical modalities of treating the pyocele.