The direct condensation of amines with β-ketoesters and β-diketones to produce functional enamine derivatives has been investigated with zinc Lewis acid catalysts. Zn(OAc)2·2H2O shows good catalytic activity and leads to a chemo- and stereoselective formation of (Z)-enamine derivatives from aliphatic primary amines and ring-substituted anilines under mild conditions.
Lewis acids catalyze the addition of b-enaminoacrylates or b-enaminones to a,b-unsaturated aldehydes leading to substituted dihydropyridines in high yields under mild reaction conditions.
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