In rice, several cultivated and upland varieties need to be assessed and analyzed for drought tolerance traits which could be used in screening and breeding programs for drought tolerance. Hence, the objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of water deficits in two rice cultivars and thereby analyze the role of several physiological traits useful in rice breeding programs for drought tolerance. The rice varieties Tellahamsa (TH) and N 22 were screened for tolerance to drought. A comparative study was done subjecting them to PEG mediated water stress. Accumulation of solutes, i.e., proline, total free aminoacids and sugars; biomass production, Relative Water Content (RWC) and the levels of antioxidant enzymes, viz., Catalase (CAT), Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX), Glutathione Reductase(GR), and Superoxide Dismutase(SOD) were analyzed in response to water stress. Maximum proline accumulation was seen within 24hrs of stress, after 10 days TH decreased its proline to one-third, whereas in N 22 doubled. Although amino acids doubled within 24hrs, gradually they depleted in N 22 . This may be due to conversion of aminoacids into proline which could be the most compatible solute. Sugars increased within 24hrs, but were depleted in 10days in both. In TH, the shoot and root biomass decreased, whereas in N 22 there was a significant increase in root biomass. Shoot and root RWC of N 22 was higher than TH under stress. GR increased in both TH and N 22, APX and SOD increased only in N 22. Proline accumulation, increase of root biomass and antioxidant enzymes such as APX or SOD during water stress are contributing to drought tolerance and could be used in screening for drought tolerance.
Globally, 643 million people will be affected by 2030, and 783 million by 2045 with diabetes mellitus (DM), a severe disease that affects 537 million people worldwide in 2021. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has the highest prevalence of diabetes mellitus among the top ten countries worldwide. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the factors influencing diabetes care and assess their relative importance. Research was conducted in the Hail region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study recruited 258 diabetes patients visiting the Primary Health Centers in Hail City as part of their routine healthcare. Analyzing the data was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS-22). As far as Cronbach’s Alpha is concerned, it was 0.717, and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) was 0.705. The study has found that the six factors including accessibility of diabetes care (p = .024), availability of diabetes services (p = .029), quality of diabetes care (p = .024), disease management strategies (p = .037), basic amenities of health system (p = .028) and health education resources (p = .030) play a significant role in providing diabetes care services to patients. According to the adjusted R2 of 0.773 (p 0.001), diabetes care is significantly influenced by these six variables. The comparative importance of the factors indicates that, out of six, quality of diabetes care is the most influential; the availability of diabetes services and health education resources are the second and third most influential factors. In order to provide better care for diabetic patients, healthcare organizations should focus on these factors.
Aims: To present the awareness and attitude towards measles vaccination among the population of Hai’l region in Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A cross-sectional electronic survey was conducted from October 2019 to January 2020 and received 469 samples from the residents of the Hai’l province. The convenient sampling technique was used to collect data through questionnaire sent by emails to participants. Results: The prevalence of measles in Hai’l region was 7.8% and 96.1% of the population has been vaccinated. About 46% of the population did not know what caused measles, whereas, 37% knew it was a viral disease. About 85.5% believed vaccination is best method to prevent measles and 45.5% of population think that vaccine is the treatment for measles. And, 64.6% think the agencies do good work in promoting measles awareness. Conclusion: The prevalence of measles in Hai’l province of Saudi Arabia is low with almost all vaccinated. The knowledge and awareness about measles is adequate. The study suggests that the surveillance, monitoring as well as educational and awareness programs needs more attention.
(SPSS, version 20). In this study, it is found that obesity is highly correlated with Diabetes (OR=0.495, P<0.05
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