Detecting semantic similarity between documents is vital in natural language processing applications. One widely used method for measuring the semantic similarity of text documents is embedding, which involves converting texts into numerical vectors using various NLP methods. This paper presents a comparative analysis of four embedding methods for detecting semantic similarity in theses and dissertations , namely Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency, Document to Vector, Sentence Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers, and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers with cosine similarity. The study used two datasets consisting of 27 documents from Duhok Polytechnic University and 100 documents from ProQuest.com. The texts from these documents were pre-processed to make them suitable for semantic similarity analysis. The evaluation of the methods was based on several metrics, including accuracy, precision, Recall, F1 score, and processing time. The results showed that the traditional method, TF-IDF, outperformed modern methods in embedding and detecting actual semantic similarity between documents, with processing time not exceeding a few seconds.
Micronutrient deficiencies, particularly anaemia, are more likely to affect children and reproductive-aged women. Through a cross-sectional survey using multi-stage cluster-random sampling techniques, the study assessed the current anaemia status among adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women as well as the associated factors with anaemia in this population in South-coastal Bangladesh. The average age of women was 24.0 and 15.2 years for girls. Half of the pregnant, 46% of lactating-women and 38% of adolescent-girls were assessed as anaemic. Around 20% of the respondents reported consumed more than five food groups, in last 24-hours. Risk of mild anaemia was higher among Hindu girls. Pregnant-women who washed hands after using toilet and who received 4 + ANC visits [aOR 0.35, 95% CI: 0.16–0.77, p = 0.009] had lower likelihood of having any form of anaemia. Pregnant-women who consumed > 5 food groups had less risk of anaemia (aOR: 0.14, 95% CI:0.05–0.37, p < 0.001). Second and third trimester pregnant women were more likely to be anaemic. Lactating-women who consumed > 5 food groups, who always washed hands before food preparation, received 4 + ANC visits, consumed > 90 IFA, had decreased risk of anaemia. Appropriate measures should be taken to address the substantial prevalence of anaemia among this vulnerable group.
Background The abdominal cocoon syndrome was first described as a rare condition where part of or the whole small bowel is encased within a fibrous membrane. Idiopathic sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (or abdominal cocoon) is a rare cause of small bowel obstruction, especially in adult population. Diagnosis is usually incidental at laparotomy. But preoperative diagnosis can be made. Case presentation This report is of a 27-year-old Bangladeshi male who presented with increasing abdominal pain and features of subacute intestinal obstruction. He had a history appendicectomy 2 months back through grid iron incision in a peripheral hospital. Pre-operative work-up did not reveal a sac like structure encasing small intestinal loops. At computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis, a huge cystic structure was seen encasing loops of small bowel. At laparotomy, a fibrous capsule was revealed, in which small bowel loops were encased, with the presence of interloop adhesions. A diagnosis of primary abdominal cocoon was established and extensive adhesiolysis was performed. The patient had an uneventful recovery and follow-up. No evidence of Kochs noted in the abdomen or on histopathology of tissue sent for examination. Conclusion Abdominal cocoon is a rare cause of small bowel obstruction, but should be suspected especially in cases with attacks of non strangulating obstruction in the same individual. A high index of clinical suspicion may be generated by the recurrent character of small bowel obstruction. Clinicians must rigorously pursue a preoperative diagnosis. The overall prognosis is satisfactory. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v5i2.20269 Pulse Vol.5 July 2011 p.61-64
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