The usage of marine macroalgae (i.e. seaweeds) as feedstock for bioethanol; an alternative and/or complimentary to petro-fuel, would act as triple fact solution; bioremediation process for ecosystem, renewable energy source and economy savings.

No abstract

In this study, bioremediation of an Egyptian oily sludge polluted soil with total petroleum hydrocarbon content of 53,100 mg kg 1 was achieved on a microcosm level at 30 ı C over a 180-day period. The analysis of variance revealed that soil microcosms biostimulated with corn steep liquor and bioaugmented with Micrococcus lutes RM showed significant removal of total petroleum hydrocarbon relative to natural attenuation microcosms; recording total petroleum hydrocarbon removal of 44 and 54% with p D 0:004 and p D 7.69e-5, respectively. Kinetic study revealed that the degradation processes followed the first-order model. Bioaugmentation microcosms showed also the highest biodegradation efficiencies on different total petroleum hydrocarbon fractions: saturates, aromatics, resins, asphaltene, and the highest soil heterotrophic activity as measured by accumulative evaluation of CO 2 .

The biological activities of poly (ethylene glycols) (PEG) that esterified with lauric acid or myristic acid were enhanced by mixing with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) derived as of hazardous trash "Electric Arc Furnace Dust (EAFD)" which formed through steel fabrication using sodium hydroxide (NaOH). A diverse temperature was applied to characterize and examine the prepared polymeric surfactants those possess characteristics of surfactant and polymer together. The surface properties were measured and worked out. The hydrodynamic particle diameter normally maximized as the surfactant carbon numbers increased and at blending with ZnO-NPs as exhibited in the dynamic light scattering (DLS) statistics due to aggregation of molecules. The antimicrobial action against different microorganisms of all such designed structures was assessed and assigned. The results plain that, all such engineered nonionic polymeric surfactants possess good surface criteria and biological activity and blending them with ZnO-NPs to obtain polymeric surfactant nanocomposites for enhancing their biological activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staph. aureus), Gram-negative bacteria (P. aeruginosa and E. coli), yeast (Candida albicans) and microalga (Chlorella Vulgaris).