Brucellosis causes appreciable economic losses in livestock. Examination of milk and tissues from animals in Egypt for Brucella spp. showed increased prevalence rates of serologically reactive animals. All isolates were B. melitensis biovar 3. One Brucella sp. was isolated from milk of serologically nonreactive buffaloes. Brucellosis is one of the major zoonotic infections worldwide (1). It is caused by gram-negative coccobacilli of the genus Brucella and affects cattle, sheep, goats, and other livestock (2,3). Since the discovery of Brucella melitensis by David Bruce in 1887, several species have been identifi ed, such as B. abortus (which infects cattle), B. melitensis (which infects sheep and goats), B. suis, B. neotomae, B, ovis, and B. canis (2,4). Although brucellosis has been controlled in most industrialized countries, it remains a major problem in the Mediterranean region, western Asia, Africa, and Latin America (1). It can cause appreciable economic losses in the livestock industry because of abortions, decreased milk production, sterility, and veterinary care and treatment costs (2).Brucellosis was fi rst reported in Egypt in 1939 (5). Control programs for brucellosis in Egypt have used 2 methods: vaccination of all animals and slaughter of infected animals with positive serologic results. The diffi culty of accurately detecting all infected animals, especially carriers, is a major limitation of these programs. To enhance effi ciency of brucellosis-specifi c prophylaxis, early detection of brucellosis by highly sensitive and specifi c methods is needed.Egypt has mixed populations of sheep, goats, cattle, and buffaloes. The number of buffaloes in Egypt is higher than in any other country in the Near East region (5). In addition to high prevalence rates of B. melitensis infections in sheep and goats, B. melitensis infections of cattle and buffaloes have increased in Egypt (5). Our investigation sought to determine the epidemiology of brucellosis in several governorates in Egypt by using different serologic tests, as well as bacteriologic tests, to identify Brucella spp. organisms isolated from milk and tissue specimens of sheep, cattle, goats, and buffaloes. The StudyWe studied 4,482 animals (1,966 cattle, 1,237 buffaloes, 813 sheep, and 366 goats) from production and breeding farms in various governorates in Egypt during 2007; the animals had no history of having been tested for brucellosis. Milk and tissue samples obtained from all animals were examined for Brucella spp. We used serologic tests recommended by the National Brucella Committee, which represents the general organization of veterinary services, veterinary laboratories, and universities in Egypt (5). The buffered acidifi ed plate antigen (BAPA) test, the Rose Bengal plate test, the standard tube agglutination test, and the Rivanol test were used as described (6-8).Direct culture of milk under aseptic conditions was conducted as follows: ≈20 mL of milk was centrifuged at 1,620 × g for 10 min, and the sediment cream mixture was placed on Bru...
A number of 271 apparently healthy camels of both sexes at different ages were used in this study during a period from April 2016 to May 2017. Samples (271 serum samples, 30 milk samples , 21 tissue specimen and lymph nodes) were obtained from slaughtered camels in different localities (Cairo, Giza, El Sharkyia, El Behira, Matroh). Three serological tests were applied including Buffered Acidified Plate Test (BAPT), modified Rose Bengal Plate Test (mRBPT), and Tube Agglutination Test (TAT). The prevalence of reactors for brucellosis was 9.5%, 8.8% and 7.7% respectively. All samples confirmed by using Rivanol Test (Riv.T) and Immunochromatographic assay (ICA) with 8.5% and 9.2% prevalence respectively. All collected milk samples were Negative by MRT (0/30). ICA or (LFA) is highly sensitive, accurate and specific diagnostic assay since it directly detects antibodies of Brucella organism and is considered as rapid confirmatory test. Culturing from 21 tissue samples and L.N revealed positive isolates as 5/21 (23.8%). The isolated strain was identified biochemically and by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with 498 bp and revealed predominance of Brucella abortus in all isolates as 5 (100%). This work aims at providing an overview on diagnostic investigations, as brucellosis has an economic impact on the production and reproduction in camels.
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