A 39-year-old female presented with one year history of dragging abdominal discomfort and fatigability of six months duration. She was non-alcoholic and had no other medical illness. General physical examination was unremarkable and abdominal palpation suggested splenomegaly of 10 cms below left coastal margin, which was firm and nontender. There was no ascites or hepatomegaly. Examination of other systems was unremarkable.Investigations revealed normal complete blood counts, urine analysis, liver and renal function tests and peripheral smear study. Investigation reports are shown in [Table/ Fig-1]. Ultrasonography (US) with color doppler of abdomen revealed splenomegaly, normal liver echotexture and cavernous transformation of portal vein with multiple spleno-renal collaterals. ECG and echocardiography was normal. Upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy showed grade 1-2 esophageal varices with portal hypertensive gastropathy. Multidetector Computed tomography (MDCT) abdomen revealed multiple aneurysms in the distal half of splenic artery, the largest one measuring (5.1cmx5.8cmx4.4cms) with dilated and tortuous course of the proximal splenic artery with multiple collaterals along the course of splenic and portal vein b,. Wall calcification and organized thrombus was seen in few of the aneurysms at the splenic hilum. DisCussionSplenic artery aneurysms (SAA) are the most common visceral aneurysms, accounting for up-to 60% of cases [1,2]. Splenic artery is the third most common site for intra-abdominal aneurysm after aorta and iliac artery [2]. It has an incidence of 0.01-0.2%, females being more commonly affected (4:1). SAA presenting as extrahepatic portal hypertension is rare [1,3]. Here we report a patient with multiple splenic artery aneurysms presenting as extrahepatic portal hypertension and massive splenomegaly. SAA are very rare with a varied prevalence of 0.01%-10.4% [4]. SAAs are associated with several conditions, including pregnancy, degenerative atherosclerosis, portal hypertension, medial fibrodysplasia, arteritis, collagen vascular disease, α 1-antitrypsin deficiency, and pancreatitis [2]. Hormonal changes during pregnancy, increased blood volume and cardiac output causing portal congestion are the proposed mechanisms of SAA in pregnancy internal medicine section [5]. SAA are usually single, isolated and <3cms in size. It is usually located in the distal part of splenic artery. Larger aneurysms like in our patient are seldom reported [1,3,6]. The aneurysm generally develops on the main splenic artery commonly on its distal third or on intrasplenic branches. Multiple Splenic Artery Aneurysms: A Rare Cause of Extrahepatic Portal Hypertension and Massive Splenomegaly aBstRaCtA 39-year-old nulliparous female was admitted with massive splenomegaly. Computed tomography of abdomen revealed multiple aneurysms in the distal half of the splenic artery. Splenic artery aneurysms are rare in nulliparous women and most cases are reported in females with a past history of pregnancy. Splenic artery aneurysms, though very...
Background: A significant positive correlation exists between the inflammatory markers, hs-CRP (C reactive protein) and ferritin and the parameters of dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Not much is known regarding diabetes, inflammation and vasculopathy especially in relation to ferritin from this region. Aim: To correlate serum CRP and ferritin levels with Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI) in type 2 diabetic patients. Methodology: Descriptive observational study of 50 diabetic patients done at K. S. Hegde Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India. Results: ABPI correlated negatively with serum ferritin values; with a Pearson correlation value and p value of -0.187 and 0.194 respectively. Also, ABPI negatively correlated with CRP, and this correlation was statistically significant (-0.382, P=0.006). Conclusion: Measurement of ABPI is a simple and clinically useful tool in identifying peripheral arterial disease in patients at risk of accelerated atherosclerosis. ABPI negatively correlated with serum ferritin and CRP levels in this study, though the association with ferritin was statistically not significant. Further large scale studies are needed to elucidate the association of ferritin as a nonconventional risk factor of atherosclerosis and PAD in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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