BACKGROUND Ectopic thyroid is a condition in which the thyroid tissue is present in locations other than the normal anterior neck region between the second and fourth tracheal cartilages. Its prevalence is 1 per 1,00,000-3,00,000 people. About 500 cases have been reported in the English literature mainly from Europe, Asia and America with a small number of reports coming from Africa. Ectopic thyroid tissue is a rare entity resulting from developmental defects in the migration of thyroid primordium from the foramen cecum at the base of the tongue to the infrahyoid portion of the neck between second and fourth tracheal cartilages. Ectopic thyroid tissue can occur anywhere along the course of the thyroglossal tract. Lingual thyroid is the most common type of ectopic thyroid accounting for 90% of cases. The most important differential diagnosis for ectopic thyroid is adenomas, metastatic thyroid tissue and hypertrophied lingual tonsil.
BACKGROUND Peyronie's Disease (PD) is an acquired connective tissue disorder of the tunica albuginea of the corpus cavernosum characterised by excessive fibrosis and plaque formation. PD can result in significant physical and psychological morbidity as it may prevent intercourse and cause adverse impacts on partner relationships. The exact aetiology and pathophysiology remain unclear and many misconceptions about the disease associations, course and treatment exist.
BACKGROUND This is a case of 22-year-old female patient with 14 weeks live foetus, underwent routine ultrasound scan where a large intraabdominal cyst was found. Foetus has been aborted and later subjected to autopsy where it has been reported a small developed gut with mid gut anomaly of intestinal vetilline cyst with hindgut agenesis. Ultrasound scan was done with Philips HD 7 ultrasound machine, 3.5-5 MHz probe.
BACKGROUND: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) represents a spectrum of premalignant and malignant diseases that occur after abnormal fertilization. [1] GTN includes complete hydatidiform mole (CHM), partial hydatidiform mole (PHM), invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, and placental-site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT). CHM and PHM together account for 80% of all cases of GTN.
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