Objective. This work evaluated nursing students' knowledge and attitudes toward individuals with Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Methodology. This was a transversal, descriptive study carried out with a randomly selected group of nursing students (N = 122) from Bangalore, India, in 2013. The study used the Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge scale (30 questions with true-false options) and the Attitude toward Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias scale (20 questions scored with seven Likert-type options; the higher the score, the better the attitude). Results. The findings revealed that 56% of the questions were answered correctly and the average attitude score was 95 ± 1.5. A negative correlation was observed between age and knowledge of dementia (r = -0.323; p < 0.01). Conclusion. The participants have inadequate knowledge of dementia. However, they have positive attitudes towards patients with dementia, giving way to improving their knowledge related to this disease. Thereby, there is urgent need to enhance the undergraduate study plan with respect to the content of this theme and strengthen the attitudes of comprehensive care to individuals with dementia.Key words: Alzheimer disease; attitude; cross-sectional studies; dementia; India; students, nursing. Conocimientos y actitudes de los estudiantes de enfermería hacia la demencia: Una perspectiva hindúObjetivo. Evaluar en los estudiantes de enfermería el conocimiento y las actitudes hacia las personas con enfermedad de Alzheimer y demencia. Metodología. Estudio de descriptivo de tipo transversal llevado a cabo en un grupo seleccionado en forma aleatoria de estudiantes de enfermería (N=122) de Bangalore, India, en 2013. Se utilizaron las escalas: Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale (30 preguntas con opciones verdadero/falso) y The Attitude toward Alzheimer's disease and Related Dementias Scale (20 preguntas calificadas con 7 opciones tipo Likert, a mayor puntaje mejor es la actitud). Resultados. Los hallazgos revelaron que el 56% de las preguntas fueron contestadas correctamente y el 520 • Invest Educ Enferm. 2015;33(3) Vijayalakshmi Poreddi • Brian D Carpenter • Sailaxmi Gandhi • Rama Chandra • Suresh BadaMath promedio puntaje de actitud fue 95±1.5 Se Observó una correlación negativa entre la edad y el conocimiento sobre la demencia (r=-0.323; p<0.01). Conclusion. Los participantes tienen un inadecuado conocimiento sobre la demencia. Sin embargo, que poseen actitudes alentadoras hacia los pacientes con demencia dando espacio a mejorar sus conocimientos relacionados con esta enfermedad. Por lo tanto, hay una necesidad urgente de fortalecer el plan de estudios de pregrado con respecto al contenido de este tema y fortalecer las actitudes el cuidado integral a las personas con demencia.Palabras clave: enfermedad de Alzheimer; actitud; estudios transversales; demencia; India; estudiantes de enfermería. Conhecimentos e atitudes dos estudantes de enfermagem para a demência: Uma perspectiva indianaObjetivo. Avaliar nos estudantes de enfermagem o conhecimento e as ati...

Inter-individual response differences to vitamin D and Ca supplementation may be under genetic control through vitamin D and oestrogen receptor genes, which may influence their absorption and/or metabolism. Metabolomic studies on blood and urine from subjects supplemented with Ca and vitamin D reveal different metabolic profiles that segregate with genotype. Genotyping was performed for oestrogen receptor 1 gene (ESR1) and vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) in fifty-six postmenopausal women. Thirty-six women were classified as low bone density as determined by a heel ultrasound scan and twenty women had normal bone density acting as 'controls'. Those with low bone density (LBD) were supplemented with oral Ca and vitamin D and were classified according to whether they were 'responders' or 'non-responders' according to biochemical results before and after therapy compared to controls receiving no supplementation. Metabolomic studies on serum and urine were done for the three groups at 0 and 3 months of therapy using NMR spectroscopy with pattern recognition. The 'non-responder' group showed a higher frequency of polymorphisms in the ESR1 (codons 10 and 325) and VDR (Bsm1 and Taq1), compared with to the 'responders'. The wild-type genotype for Fok1 was more frequent in those with LBD (70 %) compared with the control group (10 %). Distinctive patterns of metabolites were displayed by NMR studies at baseline and 3 months of post-treatment, segregating responders from non-responders and controls. Identification of potential 'non-responders' to vitamin D and Ca, before therapy, based on a genomic and/or metabolomic profile would allow targeted selection of optimal therapy on an individual basis.

Bachelor of nursing students' attitude towards people with mental illness and career choices in psychiatric nursing. An Indian perspective.

Inulin clearance is the 'gold standard' for the determination of glomerular ltration rate, This is the rst report of anaphylaxis following intravenous administration of inulin. Ann Clin Biochem 2002; 39: 76The measurement of inulin clearance as a marker of glomerular ¢ltration rate provides the most accurate assessment of glomerular function. The clinical use of inulin has been restricted by several di¤culties. Sinistrin (Inutest; Fresenius GmbH, Graz, Austria), a readily soluble preparation of poly-fructan with side branching, is more suitable for clinical use and is widely used in Europe. Its greater solubility allows for greater ease of handling and preparation for injection for clearance studies. The degree of polymerization of sinistrin, consequent relative molecular mass and equivalent maximum radius from hydrodynamic studies indicate a satisfactory permeability through the glomerular basement membrane. 1 There are no reported adverse e¡ects of sinistrin in the literature, except one recent letter reporting anaphylaxis from oral ingestion of inulin in vegetables and processed foods. 2 We report anaphylaxis and cardiorespiratory arrest following intravenous sinistrin as part of inulin clearance for estimation of glomerular ¢ltration.A 45-year-old Caucasian patient with Wegener's granulomatosis attended the medical investigation unit for assessment of glomerular function prior to treatment with methotrexate. He developed anaphylaxis and cardiorespiratory arrest immediately after administration of bolus intravenous sinistrin (2¢5 g in 10 mL solution). He was successfully resuscitated. Subsequently, a skin prick test for sinistrin was positive with rapid weal and £are.The authors are aware of minor reactions to sinistrin such as itching, swollen eyes and respiratory symptoms in three di¡erent cases (documentation from Fresenius, personal communication). We have previously performed over 50 inulin clearance tests and have had only one minor reaction of itching following an infusion. Sinistrin remains the standard by which glomerular ¢ltration rate may be exactly determined. Anaphylaxis following allergic reaction to intravenous sinistrin has previously not been reported.

The findings suggest that there is an urgent need to include a tobacco-control curriculum at undergraduate level to improve their competency in giving smoking cessation support.

IntroductionPaget’s disease of bone (PDB) is characterised by increased and disorganised bone remodelling affecting one or more skeletal sites. Complications include bone pain, deformity, deafness and pathological fractures. Mutations in sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1) are strongly associated with the development of PDB. Bisphosphonate therapy can improve bone pain in PDB, but there is no evidence that treatment alters the natural history of PDB or prevents complications. The Zoledronate in the Prevention of Paget’s disease trial (ZiPP) will determine if prophylactic therapy with the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZA) can delay or prevent the development of PDB in people who carrySQSTM1mutations.Methods and analysisPeople with a family history of PDB aged >30 years who test positive forSQSTM1mutations are eligible to take part. At the baseline visit, participants will be screened for the presence of bone lesions by radionuclide bone scan. Biochemical markers of bone turnover will be measured and questionnaires completed to assess pain, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), anxiety and depression. Participants will be randomised to receive a single intravenous infusion of 5 mg ZA or placebo and followed up annually for between 4 and 8 years at which point baseline assessments will be repeated. The primary endpoint will be new bone lesions assessed by radionuclide bone scan. Secondary endpoints will include changes in biochemical markers of bone turnover, pain, HRQoL, anxiety, depression and PDB-related skeletal events.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Fife and Forth Valley Research Ethics Committee on 22 December 2008 (08/S0501/84). Following completion of the trial, a manuscript will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal. The results of this trial will inform clinical practice by determining if early intervention with ZA in presymptomatic individuals withSQSTM1mutations can prevent or slow the development of bone lesions with an adverse event profile that is acceptable.Trial registration numberISRCTN11616770

No abstract

Mutations in SQSTM1 are strongly associated with Paget's disease of bone (PDB), but little is known about the clinical characteristics of those with early disease. Radionuclide bone scans, biochemical markers of bone turnover, and clinical characteristics were analyzed in SQSTM1 mutation carriers who took part in the Zoledronic acid in the Prevention of Paget's disease (ZiPP) study. We studied 222 individuals, of whom 54.9% were female, with mean AE SE age of 50.1 AE 0.6 years. Twelve SQSTM1 mutations were observed, including p.Pro392Leu, which was present in 141 of 222 (63.5%) subjects. Bone scan examination revealed evidence of PDB in 20 subjects (9.0%), ten of whom (50%) had a single affected site. Participants with lesions were older than those without lesions but the difference was not significant (53.6 AE 9.1 versus 49.8 AE 8.9; p = .07). The mean age of participants with lesions was not significantly different from the age at which their parents were diagnosed with PDB (55 years versus 59 years, p = .17). All individuals with lesions were asymptomatic. Serum concentrations of total alkaline phosphatase (ALP) normalized to the upper limit of normal in each center were higher in those with lesions (0.75 AE 0.69 versus 0.42 AE 0.29 arbitary units; p < .0001). Similar findings were observed for other biochemical markers of bone turnover, but the sensitivity of ALP and other markers in detecting lesions was poor. Asymptomatic PDB is present in about 9% of SQSTM1 mutation carriers by the fifth decade. Further follow-up of this cohort will provide important information on the natural history of early PDB and its response to treatment.