Objectives: The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and MDR bacteria isolated from various clinical specimens from the patients attending Narayani Samudayik Hospital, Chitwan Methods: A cross sectional study was carried in NPI-Narayani Samudayik Hospital, Chitwan from June to December 2017. Altogether, 3610 clinical specimens mainly pus, blood and urine were collected, streaked on Mannitol Salt Agar and Blood Agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The confirmed colonies of S. aureus were sub-cultured on Nutrient Agar. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of all isolates S. aureus was determined by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Isolates resistant to cefoxitin (30mcg) were confirmed as MRSA. Result: Among 3610 total clinical samples, 17.6 % (635/3610) showed growth and 95(14.96%) S. aureus were isolated. Higher number of S. aureus was isolated from pus sample (93.15%). Out of 95 S. aureus isolates, 55 (57.89%) were identified as MRSA while 40 (42.10%) were MSSA. Vancomycin, ceftriaxone and chloramphenicol were found to be most effective antibiotic against isolates. Whereas, the least effective antibiotic was cefoxitin followed by amoxiclav, oxacillin and amoxicillin. Conclusion: This study concludes that the overall prevalence of MRSA and MDR among the bacterial isolates is higher compared to other studies. So, it is recommended to monitor the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of pathogens regularly and study the epidemiology of such isolates.
Diarrhoea in farm animals, especially in neonatal calves is one of the most challenging clinical syndromes encountered by practicing large animal’s veterinary practitioners throughout the world. Therefore looking into the complexity of early age calf diarrhea primarily due to E. coli, the present study was conducted in different dairy farm in Sylhet Sadar in order to determine the major cause and risk factor associated with calf morbidity and mortality due to colibacillosis. The main result revealed that out of 121 calves different ages were selected where calf manifesting the characteristics clinical sign of colibacillosis. From thirteen dairy farms in Sylhet sadar out of 121 samples 75 were observed affected with colibacillosis. The overall morbidity of calf colibacillosis was 61.98% and mortality were 00.00%. Data analysis showed that the calf colibacillosis in dairy farms due to many factors such as age was the only risk factor (calf factor) which was highly significantly (χ2 = 13.003, P-value = 0.000) washing of udder just before sucking milk to calf was statistically highly significant (χ2 = 7.373, P-value = 0.007) which means washing of udder just before sucking milk to calf lowers the calf morbidity due to colibacillosis. Milk replacer sanitation was statistically significant (χ2 = 6.5, P-value = 0.011) water supply to the calf was statistically significant (χ2 = 4.247, P-value = 0.039) which means hygienic water supply to calf lowers the calf morbidity due to colibacillosis. Proper drainage system (χ2 = 4.069, P-value = 0.044) and daily use of disinfectant in farm premises (χ2 = 6.163, P-value = 0.013). The mortality of calf due to colibacillosis was null because of proper treatment, knowledge of management of diseased calf and availability of veterinarians. Morbidity and mortality of calf colibacillosis in different dairy farm at Sylhet sadarUpazila were 61.98% and 0.00% respectively.
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