A significant population of India suffers from chronic pain, and their QoL is affected leading to disability. A proportion of respondents receiving pain treatment were taking nonprescription medications with a majority of respondents on NSAIDs. A very few were consulting pain management specialists.
Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen causing bone and joint infections (BJI). In India, prevalence of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is increasing at an alarming rate and emerged as an important contributor towards the difficult to treat BJI. Currently available anti-MRSA agents have their own limitations with regards to reduced susceptibility as well as safety and tolerability. Furthermore, biofilms over the prosthesis with invariably multi-drug resistant strains leads to complex treatment processes. This necessitates the need to develop and screen new antibiotics against MRSA that can easily penetrate the deep pockets of infection and take care of the challenges discussed. This review aims to discuss on MRSA infection in bone and joint infection, current antibiotic regimen, its associated limitations, and finally, the need to develop new antibiotic therapy for effective management of patients with BJI.
<p class="abstract">Osteoarthritis is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition worldwide with rising rates in elderly people. Both mechanical and immunological factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis resulting in destruction of the articular cartilage. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) commonly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, are associated with several adverse events and also do not affect the underlying disease process. Clinicians and patients both seek options which are safe and effective in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Collagen derivatives represent a suitable option in such cases. Collagen is the most abundant component of the cartilage. Collage derivatives have shown to have disease modifying action in osteoarthritis. Depending on the degree of hydrolysis and molecular weight, collage derivatives are classified into undenaured collagen, gelatin and collage hydrolysate. Collagen derivatives are well tolerated without major safety concerns. Undenatured type II collagen has shown to provide significant improvement in patients with osteoarthritis. In this article we discuss, the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis with focus on immunological factors and evidence for the use of undenatured collagen type II in osteoarthritis.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
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