There has been renewed emphasis on research following the Calman recommendations for higher training. It is often considered essential for progression in training to have participated in research projects and to have some publications to one's credit. Orthopaedic surgery is usually thought to lag behind other disciplines in this respect. It was decided to conduct a review of the research output of a cohort of orthopaedic consultants in Great Britain to obtain baseline information for future comparisons. A group of surgeons who graduated at least 25 years ago was chosen as it was felt this would provide the pattern of research output throughout the surgical career of the cohort. The type of publication and the various factors that may affect research output were studied. There was a significant difference in the output of consultants working in teaching hospitals and large centres compared to those in district general hospitals. Is the soil as important as the seed?
Online teaching and learning existed before COVID-19 pandemic and used as a supportive option to the offline mode. During the pandemic, students and teachers were forced to adopt online methods and this called for a need to realize the impact, adaptability, challenges and effect on both faculty and students. Surveys were carried out with an objective to understand the faculty and students' transformation process from offline to the online mode of teaching and learning. Various issues including online course perceptions, delivery methods, technical adaptability, students' engagement were surveyed for both students and teachers in the engineering major.
Mentoring in higher education facilitates students to enhance the confidence level, improves the probability of academic accomplishment, and reduces chances of failure. Students depend on the expertise and involvement of mentors to support them graduate in a well-timed manner and guide on them to their best possible career. The mentoring significance is not always distinctly understood in education. Researchers are becoming gradually more sensible of its complexity. Choosing a mentor is critical in any career field, and engineering is no different. Mentors can offer future engineers' an instrumental guidance and assistance early in their careers.This research study explores the different learning patterns of the engineering students and recommends the new approaches required for the successful mentoring of these millennial students. Project-based course 'Product Design Studio' is considered, and total strength of 50 students classified into 4 groups based on their competency and commitment levels. At least one student from each of these 4 groups combined and 11 project teams formulated for the execution of the project. Competency levels identified through a test based on the skillset required for the project execution. Four different training models are proposed in this paper for each of the groups formulated and these approaches successfully implemented by the mentors. The learning reflections of the mentors and mentees are presented in this paper. The final product demonstration by the students reflected the success of the novel approaches implemented by the mentors. Competency and Commitment are the key factors to be considered for analyzing the performance of the students. in addition to the mentoring students for improving their competency levels, the role assigned during the project execution promoted the 21 st century skillset among the students. There is a huge scope to research and develop the appropriate mentoring strategies for the human resource management and development in the project-based courses.
The aim of this research is to identify factors affecting girls negative attitudes towards physics and suggests pedagogical approaches that can help secondary physics teachers to engage girls in physics. In this study we used survey method and standardized questionnaire and try to find factors that affect girls negative attitude towards physics study. The sample consists of 47 grade K-12 girls. We try to find possible reasons for their disengagement about physics study. In order to increase girls participation in physics related careers we try to change teachers attitude about girls engagement with physics and equipping teachers with effective pedagogical strategies to address the problem should become one of the top priorities of physics education community. This paper highlighted research literature on the reason for girls' disengagement from physics and suggested research based pedagogies that help teaching to address this problem.
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